Question 1

Kindergartens were created around this basic philosophy:

Accepted Answer

A)   Children need careful, teacher-directed instruction.
B)   Teachers should carefully study children and write detailed reports on their progress.
C)   Families should have only minimal involvement in children's education.
D)   Early education should be gentle, harmonious, and allow for development to unfold naturally. D

Question 2

Race-to-the-Top refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Financial incentives and rewards for teachers who demonstrate the highest classroom test scores on IQ tests.
B)   Health and fitness goals for young children.
C)   A federal grant program designed to support school improvement and increase development and learning outcomes for young children.
D)   A popular fund-raising 5K race for families to earn money for their schools. C

Question 3

Friedrich Froebel is best known as:

Accepted Answer

A)   The creator and "father of the Kindergarten."
B)   The creator of Bank Street College of Education.
C)   The first person to advocate for universal access to education.
D)   The creator of the Child Study Movement. A

Question 4

The Romantics of the 1700s viewed education as:

Accepted Answer

A)   A process that required strict habit training.
B)   A naturally unfolding process through harmonious, respectful experiences.
C)   A process that demanded harsh discipline and punishment to curb children's sinful nature.
D)   A scientific process of hypothesis, inquiry, experimentation, and reflection.

Question 5

The Bank Street College of Education philosophy is centered around the belief that:

Accepted Answer

A)   A more scientific approach, integrating rigorous academics, is essential for modern learning.
B)   Teachers should be trained in classrooms separate from children.
C)   Education should strive to cultivate the individual, with less emphasis on a social collective.
D)   Education and development is based on interactions between peers, adults, materials, society/community, and ideas.

Question 6

What global event led to the Progressive movement falling out of favor and being replaced with a more academic/scientific school curriculum?

Accepted Answer

A)   Soviet launching of Sputnik
B)   Child Study Movement
C)   Korean War
D)   Separation of church and state

Question 7

Emergent curriculum, integrating Dewey's beliefs, is defined as which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Prescribed curriculum plans based on themes.
B)   Lesson plans that are designed to be fun for children.
C)   Learning experiences and plans that emerge from children's interests and daily lives.
D)   Curriculum plans that integrate health and welfare services.

Question 8

What is the definition of socioeconomic status?

Accepted Answer

A)   The status within the community and society based on income level, family economic stability, and access to resources.
B)   Parents' income level.
C)   A definitive indicator of how successful children will be later in school.
D)   An indicator of how hard parents are willing to work for their children's school success.

Question 9

What are the key components in Vygotsky's Zone of Proximal Development?

Accepted Answer

A)   Children work on simple, repetitive tasks to build confidence, teachers observe and take notes.
B)   Children are given tasks above their ability while teachers assess progress.
C)   Children watch teachers as they silently complete tasks and then they try it themselves.
D)   Children work on challenging tasks with varying assistance of more skilled teachers.

Question 10

Piaget's concept of accommodation is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   Changing existing beliefs based on new information or experience that challenges current knowledge, so that new understanding is created.
B)   The cognitive state of balance, where the child feels comfortable with beliefs, ideas, and knowledge.
C)   Integrating new experiences, ideas, or beliefs, into existing knowledge structures.
D)   Being given new information not previously experienced.

Question 11

What were the goals of the Day Nurseries?

Accepted Answer

A)   Provide a service to working parents and custodial care to children.
B)   Provide enhanced educational programming for wealthy children.
C)   Serve as a training ground for professionalization of teachers.
D)   Serve as a lab school for university researchers.

Question 12

Culturally responsive practices recognize the many ways children are diverse. NAEYC suggestions for best practices includes all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   Seek out resources and information that will help you understand and value individual cultures.
B)   Encourage all parents to only speak English in the home to assist Dual Language Learning children in learning English more quickly.
C)   Foster home-school connections, using translation software or community services when needed.
D)   Give all children opportunities to represent their knowledge and experiences in a variety of ways.

Question 13

Pestalozzi's key beliefs included all of the following, EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A)   All children are capable of learning
B)   Parents are the child's first teacher
C)   Children learn best though lecture
D)   Natural experiments in the course of daily living are prime sources of learning

Question 14

John Locke is known for his view of children as:

Accepted Answer

A)   Constructors of their own knowledge.
B)   Not capable of education, innately evil.
C)   Blank slates.
D)   Born with innate abilities to problem solve.

Exam 2: Historical Overview: People and Beliefs That Shaped the Field