Question 1

How are the Napoleonic wars connected to the revolutions of Latin America? What role did specific political and military events in Europe play in the establishment of independent nations in the Americas? Could these revolutions have been prevented?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The Napoleonic wars had a significant impact on the revolutions of Latin America. The wars created a power vacuum in Europe, which allowed for the spread of revolutionary ideas and the weakening of colonial powers. As Napoleon's forces invaded and occupied various European countries, Spain and Portugal, the colonial powers in Latin America, were weakened and their control over their colonies loosened. This provided an opportunity for independence movements to gain traction in the Americas.

Specific political and military events in Europe also played a crucial role in the establishment of independent nations in the Americas. The Peninsular War, in which Spain and Portugal fought against Napoleon's forces, led to a weakening of colonial control and a rise in nationalist sentiment in the colonies. Additionally, the Congress of Vienna, which sought to restore the old order in Europe after the Napoleonic wars, indirectly contributed to the independence movements in Latin America by diverting the attention and resources of the colonial powers away from their colonies.

It is difficult to say whether these revolutions could have been prevented. The spread of revolutionary ideas and the weakening of colonial powers were largely a result of the complex and interconnected events of the Napoleonic wars and European politics. However, it is possible that with different decisions and actions by the colonial powers, the revolutions in Latin America could have been delayed or suppressed. Ultimately, the revolutions were a response to the changing global political landscape and the aspirations of the people in the Americas for self-determination and independence.

Question 2

The leader of Chile at its independence was

Accepted Answer

A)   José de San Martín.
B)   Bernardo O'Higgins.
C)   Simón Bolívar.
D)   Che Guevara. B

Question 3

According to Simón Bolívar (Document, pp. 580-581), all of the following were sources of Creole discontent with Spain except

Accepted Answer

A)   restrictions on trade and industry.
B)   restrictions on office-holding.
C)   restrictions on slavery.
D)   restrictions on social mobility. C

Question 4

How did Latin American revolutions differ from the revolution in the United States? How similar or different were the conditions of the English colonies in North America and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies? Were both revolutions inspired by the same philosophical ideas?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of How did Latin American revolutions differ from...

Question 5

What were the weaknesses of the French monarchy? How did France's economic situation affect the revolution? How did subsequent governments try to address French economic problems? Which was the most successful?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the weaknesses of the French...

Question 6

The Jacobins were

Accepted Answer

A)   opponents of the Girondists.
B)   antifeminist sans-culottes.
C)   supporters of the monarchy.
D)   a radical political party that voted to go to war with Austria.

Question 7

Was Napoleon a revolutionary? Were his ideas of government based on the Enlightenment? Was his dictatorial rule different from the absolutism of French kings or the enlightened despots of the eighteenth century? Did his reforms transform the fabric of French society and politics?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Was Napoleon a revolutionary? Were his ideas...

Question 8

Louis XVI

Accepted Answer

A)   was beheaded in 1793.
B)   escaped to Austria.
C)   supported the sans-culottes.
D)   eventually regained power during the Restoration.

Question 9

Who were the Jacobins? What divisions appeared within this group during the course of the revolution? What happened to them in the end and why? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who were the Jacobins? What divisions appeared...

Question 10

The liberation of Venezuela and Peru was achieved by the armies of

Accepted Answer

A)   Simón Bolívar.
B)   José de San Martín.
C)   Bernardo O'Higgins.
D)   Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Question 11

The last Atlantic-based country to abolish slavery was
A the Netherlands. c. Cuba.

Accepted Answer

A)   the Netherlands.
B)   the United States.
C)   Cuba
D)   Brazil.

Question 12

Discuss the role of the king in the French Revolution. What were some of the ways in which Louis XVI caused his own demise? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the role of the king in...

Question 13

The Cult of the Supreme Being was established by

Accepted Answer

A)   Louis XVI.
B)   Olympe de Gouges.
C)   Robespierre.
D)   Claire Lacomb.

Question 14

Who were the sans-culottes and how did they become a factor in the politics of the period? How influential were they during the radical revolution in particular? 
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Who were the sans-culottes and how did...

Question 15

In what ways were these revolutions all interconnected? What do these interconnections reveal about the Atlantic world during this era?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways were these revolutions all...

Question 16

What were the events that led to the initial revolutionary movement in France in 1789? Who were the primary instigators of that initial movement?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the events that led to...

Question 17

Discuss the American Revolution as a European movement. To what extent were the colonists influenced by European ideas and political developments? To what extent did the colonists' actions in turn influence Europe?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the American Revolution as a European...

Question 18

What were the reasons for the American resistance to the British during the 1760s and 1770s? At what point and for what reason(s) did this resistance transform into a revolutionary movement?
Conceptual

Accepted Answer

The answer of What were the reasons for the American...

Question 19

The liberation of Peru was achieved by the armies of

Accepted Answer

A)   Simón Bolívar.
B)   José de San Martín.
C)   Bernardo O'Higgins.
D)   Toussaint L'Ouverture.

Question 20

People of European ancestry born in the New World were called

Accepted Answer

A)   peninsulares.
B)   opportunists.
C)   Creoles.
D)   philosophes.

Exam 23: Revolutions in the Transatlantic World

How are the Napoleonic wars connected to the revolutions of Latin America? What role did specific political and military events in Europe play in the establishment of independent nations in the Americas? Could these revolutions have been prevented? Conceptual

The leader of Chile at its independence was

According to Simón Bolívar (Document, pp. 580-581) , all of the following were sources of Creole discontent with Spain except

How did Latin American revolutions differ from the revolution in the United States? How similar or different were the conditions of the English colonies in North America and the Spanish and Portuguese colonies? Were both revolutions inspired by the same philosophical ideas? Conceptual

What were the weaknesses of the French monarchy? How did France's economic situation affect the revolution? How did subsequent governments try to address French economic problems? Which was the most successful? Conceptual

The Jacobins were

Was Napoleon a revolutionary? Were his ideas of government based on the Enlightenment? Was his dictatorial rule different from the absolutism of French kings or the enlightened despots of the eighteenth century? Did his reforms transform the fabric of French society and politics? Conceptual

Louis XVI

Who were the Jacobins? What divisions appeared within this group during the course of the revolution? What happened to them in the end and why? Conceptual

The liberation of Venezuela and Peru was achieved by the armies of

The last Atlantic-based country to abolish slavery was A the Netherlands. c. Cuba.

Discuss the role of the king in the French Revolution. What were some of the ways in which Louis XVI caused his own demise? Conceptual

The Cult of the Supreme Being was established by

Who were the sans-culottes and how did they become a factor in the politics of the period? How influential were they during the radical revolution in particular? Conceptual

In what ways were these revolutions all interconnected? What do these interconnections reveal about the Atlantic world during this era? Conceptual

What were the events that led to the initial revolutionary movement in France in 1789? Who were the primary instigators of that initial movement? Conceptual

Discuss the American Revolution as a European movement. To what extent were the colonists influenced by European ideas and political developments? To what extent did the colonists' actions in turn influence Europe? Conceptual

What were the reasons for the American resistance to the British during the 1760s and 1770s? At what point and for what reason(s) did this resistance transform into a revolutionary movement? Conceptual

The liberation of Peru was achieved by the armies of

People of European ancestry born in the New World were called