Question 1

Dr. Jones was interested in the association between parents' educational attitudes and children's changing attitudes about school. She interviewed parents and their children when the children were in elementary school, middle school, and high school. This is an example of a:

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional study. 
B)  cross-sequential study. 
C)  longitudinal study. 
D)  microgenetic study.

Question 2

A theoretical perspective that emphasizes that external conditions can change the way we behave and view the world is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Psychoanalytic. 
B)  Sociocultural. 
C)  Cognitive. 
D)  Learning Theory.

Question 3

Which theory suggests that the entire context of children's environment (including family, school systems, and parents' workplaces) are important influences on children's development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Social Learning Theory 
B)  Cognitive Developmental Theory 
C)  Ecological Systems Theory 
D)  Psychoanalytic Theory

Question 4

Parents' interactions with children's teachers are part of the system that according to Brofenbrenner's Ecological Model is called the:

Accepted Answer

A)  Microsystem. 
B)  Mesosystem. 
C)  Exosystem. 
D)  Macrosystem.

Question 5

Freud proposed that 3- to 6-year-old children's pleasure comes to focus on their penis or their lack of a penis; this stage is known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  Oral Stage. 
B)  Anal Stage. 
C)  Phallic Stage. 
D)  Genital Stage.

Question 6

The strength of naturalistic observation of children's behaviors is that:

Accepted Answer

A)  researchers can study behaviors that occur rarely. 
B)  researchers can gain insight into children's motivations and attitudes. 
C)  researchers can observe children in normal settings without interventions. 
D)  researchers can pinpoint specific influences on development.

Question 7

As children learn to read, sounding out words is difficult but it becomes more automatic and easier. Robbie Case would argue that learning occurs because of:

Accepted Answer

A)  help from supportive adults. 
B)  increases in working memory. 
C)  increases in mental efficiency. 
D)  increases in exposure to books.

Question 8

In cultures around the world, infants show the same facial expression when feeling distress this demonstrates the theme of:

Accepted Answer

A)  universality. 
B)  diversity. 
C)  nature. 
D)  nurture.

Question 9

Jean Piaget created his theory of cognitive development while observing:

Accepted Answer

A)  children in an orphanage. 
B)  children in different cultures. 
C)  his own children. 
D)  children at day care centers.

Question 10

Ella understands the world mostly through her manipulation of objects, by looking at, touching, and putting toys is her mouth. She is in which of Piaget's stages?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor stage 
B)  preoperational stage 
C)  concrete operational stage 
D)  formal operational stage

Question 11

Konrad Lorenz studied a phenomenon in young geese in which they closely follow whatever object they observe moving shortly after birth. What is the name of this phenomenon?

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding 
B)  imprinting 
C)  bioecological processes 
D)  accommodation

Question 12

Theorists who use Piaget's ideas to create new theories are known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  neo-Piagetians. 
B)  modern developmentalists. 
C)  sociocultural theorists. 
D)  social learning theorists.

Question 13

Children are less likely to imitate the behavior of a model that is:

Accepted Answer

A)  nurturing. 
B)  powerful. 
C)  strong. 
D)  unlike themselves.

Question 14

Today, unlike 25 years ago, most children have access to a computer at home.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

John's mom gives him a sticker when he cleans his toys. The sticker is a reinforcement.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Brofenbrenner's Ecological Theory would advocate the universal view of development.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Vygotsky was a behaviorist.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

A strength of the case study is that it yields descriptions that are rich in details and sensitive to nuances.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which theorist proposed that infants' and parents' behaviors have been shaped by evolution to promote survival?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lorenz 
B)  Piaget 
C)  Vygotsky 
D)  Freud

Question 20

Rousseau's ideas about child development could be classified as having an emphasis on nurture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 1: Introduction to Child Development Basic Concepts and Issues

Dr. Jones was interested in the association between parents' educational attitudes and children's changing attitudes about school. She interviewed parents and their children when the children were in elementary school, middle school, and high school. This is an example of a:

A theoretical perspective that emphasizes that external conditions can change the way we behave and view the world is:

Which theory suggests that the entire context of children's environment (including family, school systems, and parents' workplaces) are important influences on children's development?

Parents' interactions with children's teachers are part of the system that according to Brofenbrenner's Ecological Model is called the:

Freud proposed that 3- to 6-year-old children's pleasure comes to focus on their penis or their lack of a penis; this stage is known as:

The strength of naturalistic observation of children's behaviors is that:

As children learn to read, sounding out words is difficult but it becomes more automatic and easier. Robbie Case would argue that learning occurs because of:

In cultures around the world, infants show the same facial expression when feeling distress this demonstrates the theme of:

Jean Piaget created his theory of cognitive development while observing:

Ella understands the world mostly through her manipulation of objects, by looking at, touching, and putting toys is her mouth. She is in which of Piaget's stages?

Konrad Lorenz studied a phenomenon in young geese in which they closely follow whatever object they observe moving shortly after birth. What is the name of this phenomenon?

Theorists who use Piaget's ideas to create new theories are known as:

Children are less likely to imitate the behavior of a model that is:

Today, unlike 25 years ago, most children have access to a computer at home.

John's mom gives him a sticker when he cleans his toys. The sticker is a reinforcement.

Brofenbrenner's Ecological Theory would advocate the universal view of development.

Vygotsky was a behaviorist.

A strength of the case study is that it yields descriptions that are rich in details and sensitive to nuances.

Which theorist proposed that infants' and parents' behaviors have been shaped by evolution to promote survival?

Rousseau's ideas about child development could be classified as having an emphasis on nurture.