Question 1

Which of the following issues would be addressed by a county's land use development office when making important environmental decisions?

Accepted Answer

A)   storage of nuclear wastes
B)   controlling air pollution from automobiles
C)   building of a landfill
D)   building of a new gas station in the county
E)   managing a national park C

Question 2

Match each term with the correct description.
-Ecosystem services

Accepted Answer

A)   Basic ecosystem processes that are needed to maintain other services
B)   The multitude of resources that ecosystems supply to humans
C)   Food, water, and air we breathe
D)   Spiritual and recreational benefits that an ecosystem provides
E)   Ecosystem control of climate, flows of water, and absorption of pollutants B

Question 3

The difference between the cost to produce a commodity and its price in the marketplace is____________  .

Accepted Answer

A)   economy of scale
B)   economic value
C)   opportunity cost
D)   profit
E)   discount rate  D

Question 4

Compounds are ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   molecules that have mass
B)   molecules that are held together by atoms
C)   molecules that are made of more than one element
D)   atoms that are electrically charged
E)   atoms that are radioactive

Question 5

Which number indicates neutral on a pH scale?

Accepted Answer

A)   1
B)   5
C)   7
D)   3
E)   9

Question 6

The constitutional basis for environmental justice is rooted in____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   equal protection for all citizens
B)   public policy and governmental ethics
C)   compensation to a land owner by the government when their property is needed for public use
D)   ecological valuation of the ecosystem
E)   environmental laws and legislative regulations

Question 7

The economic value of an ecosystem service can be measured by accessing the willingness to pay for the action to____________them.

Accepted Answer

A)   preserve
B)   monitor
C)   conserve
D)   value
E)   recirculate

Question 8

The most essential compound needed to sustain life as we know it is___________.

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   carbohydrates
C)   ozone
D)   carbon dioxide
E)   oxygen

Question 9

Match each term with the correct description.
-Molecules

Accepted Answer

A)   Negatively charged particles of the central nucleus of an atom
B)   Electrically neutral particles of the central nucleus of an atom
C)   Positively charged particles of the central nucleus of an atom
D)   Two or more atoms held together by a chemical bond
E)   Atoms of an element with different numbers of neutrons

Question 10

The Modern Era's views on the relationship of humans and the environment can be described as____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   the obsession with material goods that broke the connection between humans and nature
B)   reconciliation of our activities with the inescapable laws of the natural world
C)   evolutionary change that described the connections between organisms and their environment
D)   opportunities for fewer connections between humans and nature
E)   human impacts on ecosystems differ significantly from natural disturbances

Question 11

In the course of one day, a human experiences several dozen ecosystem services other than the essential provisioning services supplying us with food, water, and the air we breathe. Explain three additional ecosystem services that are essential to maintaining life on Earth.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the course of one day, a...

Question 12

Match each term with the correct description.
-Biocentric ethics

Accepted Answer

A)   Rightness or wrongness of actions should be determined by a set of rules or laws.
B)   An action is right if it is motivated by virtues that include kindness, honesty, loyalty, and justice.
C)   Defines right actions in terms of outcomes for human beings
D)   Argues that the value of other living things is equal to the value of humans
E)   Places value on communities of organisms and ecosystems

Question 13

Read the scenario and answer the following questions. The widespread use of the pesticides DDT in the environment following World War II had major environmental impacts on the ecosystem. Human exposure to this pesticide continues today despite the ban of DDT use in the United States since the early 1970s. However, DDT continues to be manufactured in the U.S. and exported to many countries worldwide.
-The approach to the manufacture and use of DDT worldwide is best described as 	.

Accepted Answer

A)   biocentric
B)   ecocentric
C)   focusing on economic externalities
D)   focusing on deep ecological principles
E)   anthropocentric

Question 14

Resources are____________	.

Accepted Answer

A)   available in ample quantities
B)   finite
C)   infinite
D)   used at a slow rate so that they will last forever
E)   available in sufficient quantities to sustain all of our futures

Question 15

Throughout any introductory examination of ecosystems and environmental sustainability, the importance of human population numbers is cited. Currently, the world and U.S. populations are closest to ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   7 billion; 300 million
B)   7 billion; 500 million
C)   9 billion; 400 million
D)   3.5 billion; 300 million
E)   7 billion; 200 million

Question 16

Match each term with the correct description.
-Provisioning services

Accepted Answer

A)   Basic ecosystem processes that are needed to maintain other services
B)   The multitude of resources that ecosystems supply to humans
C)   Food, water, and air we breathe
D)   Spiritual and recreational benefits that an ecosystem provides
E)   Ecosystem control of climate, flows of water, and absorption of pollutants

Question 17

Most ocean ridges coincide with________.

Accepted Answer

A)   continental plates
B)   oceanic plates
C)   convergent plate boundaries
D)   divergent plate boundaries
E)   transforming boundaries

Question 18

Natural capital is defined as all of Earth's resources that are necessary to produce ____________.

Accepted Answer

A)   a safe habitat for endangered species
B)   the ecosystem services that we depend on
C)   environmental justice for all
D)   a sustainable market
E)   a profit

Question 19

Some groups state that the primate shown in this photograph has economic value for humans via ecotourism. This primate would be referred to as having 	.

Accepted Answer

A)   individual value
B)   ecological value
C)   instrumental value
D)   theological value
E)   intrinsic value

Question 20

Cells and tissues of all organisms are made primarily of________.

Accepted Answer

A)   water
B)   cellulose
C)   salt
D)   hydrogen
E)   carbon dioxide

Exam 1: Environment, Sustainability, and Science, Environmental Ethics, Economics, and Policy, and the Physical Science of the Environment

Which of the following issues would be addressed by a county's land use development office when making important environmental decisions?

Match each term with the correct description. -Ecosystem services

The difference between the cost to produce a commodity and its price in the marketplace is____________ .

Compounds are ________.

Which number indicates neutral on a pH scale?

The constitutional basis for environmental justice is rooted in____________.

The economic value of an ecosystem service can be measured by accessing the willingness to pay for the action to____________them.

The most essential compound needed to sustain life as we know it is___________.

Match each term with the correct description. -Molecules

The Modern Era's views on the relationship of humans and the environment can be described as____________.

In the course of one day, a human experiences several dozen ecosystem services other than the essential provisioning services supplying us with food, water, and the air we breathe. Explain three additional ecosystem services that are essential to maintaining life on Earth.

Match each term with the correct description. -Biocentric ethics

Resources are____________ .

Throughout any introductory examination of ecosystems and environmental sustainability, the importance of human population numbers is cited. Currently, the world and U.S. populations are closest to ____________.

Match each term with the correct description. -Provisioning services

Most ocean ridges coincide with________.

Natural capital is defined as all of Earth's resources that are necessary to produce ____________.

Some groups state that the primate shown in this photograph has economic value for humans via ecotourism. This primate would be referred to as having .

Cells and tissues of all organisms are made primarily of________.