Question 1

Metcalfe & Weibe (1986, 1987) studied how people solve problems. Their most important finding was:

Accepted Answer

A)   Implicit memory can be spared despite poor explicit memory
B)   People have good insight into their ability to solve routine, but not insight, problems
C)   People have good insight into their ability to solve insight problems
D)   People are good at solving insight problems, unless reasoning by analogy is required B

Question 2

Which is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   ACT* implementations in classroom educational settings have not been overly successful, but have provided excellent illustrations of the complexity of human problem-solving behavior.
B)   The best-known heuristic for problem solving is the availability heuristic.
C)   GPS implementation has shown the importance of means-end analysis.
D)   Increasing domain knowledge will often facilitate problem-solving behavior. A

Question 3

Operators are people who facilitate problem solving.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 4

Which of the following is a constraint of multiconstraint theory (Holyoak & Thagard, 1997)?

Accepted Answer

A)   The dissimilarity of the source and target domains
B)   Sequential structure of the problems
C)   The similarity of the purpose or goal of the problems
D)   Our procedural operators required to institute the solutions

Question 5

The Tower of Hanoi is an example of ________.

Accepted Answer

A)   An insight problem
B)   An ill-defined problem
C)   A well-defined problem
D)   Functional fixedness

Question 6

Which of the following are central characteristics of problem solving?

Accepted Answer

A)   Means-end analysis
B)   The problem space
C)   Cognitive operations
D)   Insight

Question 7

Can "getting an A in this course" be considered a well-defined problem from the perspective of a "problem space"? Why or why not? Provide a brief explanation to support your view. Note that it's your supporting explanation that is important here.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Can "getting an A in this course"...

Question 8

Production memory is most related to:

Accepted Answer

A)   Declarative memory
B)   Episodic memory
C)   Procedural knowledge
D)   Semantic knowledge

Question 9

ACT* (and ACT-R) has three major components. They include:

Accepted Answer

A)   Procedural memory
B)   Semantic memory
C)   Declarative memory
D)   Application memory

Question 10

In Anderson's ACT model, knowing how to do something requires:

Accepted Answer

A)   Procedural knowledge
B)   A well-defined problem
C)   Semantic knowledge
D)   A means-end analysis

Question 11

Computer-based mathematics tutors have been developed using ACT*, but they have generally failed to produce adequate results because of the rigidity of the ACT* implementation system.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which is true of production statements and/or production system models?

Accepted Answer

A)   Productions are either condition-action or if-then relations
B)   If a productions conditions are satisfied, the production action might still not take place
C)   PDQ was the first production systems model in psychology
D)   Production system models are only used in psychological modeling

Question 13

How do means-end and working backwards differ?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How do means-end and working backwards differ?...

Question 14

Which is true of practice?

Accepted Answer

A)   People rarely believe that stunning talent and amazing accomplishment derive from inherited, genetic or "interior" explanations.
B)   Dedicated, regular, long-term practice leads to low levels of skilled performance.
C)   Practice within a particular domain strengthens that knowledge, pushes problem-solving components closer to automaticity, and gives you a deeper understanding of the domain.
D)   It will yield special-purpose heuristics that combat mundane stereotyped knowledge through the development of stronger declarative memory production systems.

Question 15

A relationship between two similar situations, problems, or concepts:

Accepted Answer

A)   General problem solver
B)   Means-end analysis
C)   Well-defined problems
D)   Analogy

Question 16

Using appropriate technical terms, through what mechanism might practice help you to improve your problem solving (that is, WHY is practice useful)?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Using appropriate technical terms, through what mechanism...

Question 17

A deep, useful understanding of the nature of something, especially a difficult problem:

Accepted Answer

A)   Algorithmic solutions
B)   Analogical reasoning
C)   Insight
D)   Clarification of the goal state

Question 18

Multiconstraint theory deals with the concept of problem space.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following is true?

Accepted Answer

A)   Declarative memory is implicit.
B)   Episodic memory is implicit.
C)   The rules that you follow to form syntactic sentences are explicit.
D)   Verbalizing the meanings of the words you know is explicit.

Question 20

Consider the following:
Three men want to cross a river, they find a boat, but it is a very small boat. It will only carry 200 pounds. The men are named Large (200 lbs), Medium (120 lbs), and Small (80 lbs). How can they all get across? They might have to make several trips in the boat (VanLehn, 1989).

Accepted Answer

A)   Two trips
B)   Three trips
C)   Five trips
D)   Can only be done if people search for contradictions)

Exam 12: Problem Solving

Metcalfe & Weibe (1986, 1987) studied how people solve problems. Their most important finding was:

Which is true?

Operators are people who facilitate problem solving.

Which of the following is a constraint of multiconstraint theory (Holyoak & Thagard, 1997) ?

The Tower of Hanoi is an example of ________.

Which of the following are central characteristics of problem solving?

Can "getting an A in this course" be considered a well-defined problem from the perspective of a "problem space"? Why or why not? Provide a brief explanation to support your view. Note that it's your supporting explanation that is important here.

Production memory is most related to:

ACT* (and ACT-R) has three major components. They include:

In Anderson's ACT model, knowing how to do something requires:

Computer-based mathematics tutors have been developed using ACT, but they have generally failed to produce adequate results because of the rigidity of the ACT implementation system.

Which is true of production statements and/or production system models?

How do means-end and working backwards differ?

Which is true of practice?

A relationship between two similar situations, problems, or concepts:

Using appropriate technical terms, through what mechanism might practice help you to improve your problem solving (that is, WHY is practice useful)?

A deep, useful understanding of the nature of something, especially a difficult problem:

Multiconstraint theory deals with the concept of problem space.

Which of the following is true?