Question 1

Vertebrae

Accepted Answer

A)   are characteristic of all chordates.
B)   are the segmental divisions of the notochord.
C)   surround and replace the notochord during embryonic development.
D)   do not occur in gnathostomes.
E)   have ventral projections that surround and protect the nerve cord. C

Question 2

Many features unique to vertebrates develop from an embryonic tissue called the

Accepted Answer

A)   dorsal lip of the blastopore.
B)   neural crest.
C)   endoderm.
D)   ectoderm.
E)   blastocoel. B

Question 3

Embryonic development in echinoderms and chordates is characterised by the

Accepted Answer

A)   blastopore developing as an anus.
B)   blastopore developing as a mouth.
C)   development of a single layered blastula.
D)   presence of extra embryonic membranes.
E)   formation of a trochophore larva. A

Question 4

A structure found in lancelets (cephalochordates) but not in tunicates (urochordates) is

Accepted Answer

A)   a vertebral column.
B)   a notochord.
C)   a hollow dorsal nerve cord.
D)   the vascular system.
E)   blocks of muscle for movement.

Question 5

Echinoderms and chordates are significantly different to all other animal phyla because

Accepted Answer

A)   of their very unusual skin covering.
B)   they evolved much later than the others.
C)   of their pattern of embryonic development.
D)   they have an internal skeleton and notochord.
E)   they contain species that are much larger.

Question 6

Characteristics of gnathostomes include

Accepted Answer

A)   wings and feathers.
B)   a mouth like a suction cup.
C)   and open vascular system.
D)   a backbone composed of vertebrae.
E)   a body cavity that develops from the blastocoel.

Question 7

Which of the following is NOT a unique feature of monotremes?

Accepted Answer

A)   A spur on the hind feet that is venomous in males
B)   Adults lose their teeth, which are replaced by horny plates
C)   A bifurcate penis
D)   Females produce an egg with a hard shell
E)   Mammary glands lack nipples

Question 8

In the embryos of the Pharyngotremata the pharyngeal slits are also known as

Accepted Answer

A)   pharyngeal incisions.
B)   pharyngeal cleft.
C)   pharyngeal sacs.
D)   pharyngeal cleavage.
E)   pharyngeal pouches.

Question 9

Fishes are divided into two classes, Chondrichthyes and Osteichthyes, on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)   the chemical composition of the skeleton.
B)   the structure of the jaw.
C)   the structure and function of their fins.
D)   their mode of reproduction.
E)   the structure of the teeth.

Question 10

The marsupials and eutherians are separated according to

Accepted Answer

A)   length of gestation.
B)   relative length of lactation.
C)   presence or absence of a placenta.
D)   birth of live young.
E)   method of fertilisation.

Question 11

The bony fishes (Osteichthyes) are divided into two subclasses, Actinopterygii and Sarcopterygii, on the basis of

Accepted Answer

A)   the chemical composition of the skeleton.
B)   the structure of the jaw.
C)   the structure and function of their fins.
D)   the presence of a swim bladder.
E)   their mode of reproduction.

Question 12

Lungfishes and amphibians are similar in that

Accepted Answer

A)   they are totally aquatic.
B)   gastrulation produces a yolk plug.
C)   they both have the ability to burrow.
D)   they both have lungs which are their only means of gas exchange.
E)   None of the answers are correct.

Question 13

A madreporite is

Accepted Answer

A)   the swim bladder of ray-finned fishes.
B)   the pectoral appendages of lungfish.
C)   a sac at the base of the tube foot of echinoderms which regulate water flow.
D)   a porous, sieve-like plate on the body surface of an echinoderm.
E)   blocks of muscle on each side of the tunicate body.

Question 14

Chordates are so named because of their

Accepted Answer

A)   dorsal notochord.
B)   ventral nerve cord.
C)   hollow dorsal nerve cord.
D)   dorsal notochord and ventral nerve cord.
E)   dorsal notochord and hollow dorsal nerve cord.

Question 15

When the spicules of an echinoderm are sutured together to form a rigid skeleton, the resulting structure is known as

Accepted Answer

A)   a test.
B)   an ossicle.
C)   a madreporite.
D)   a pedicellariae.
E)   a spine.

Question 16

An exact relationship between the many hominid fossil finds is still unclear and is subject to disputed interpretation. However, it is widely accepted that

Accepted Answer

A)   Homo sapiens is the only hominid species to have evolved.
B)   there have been several other species in the genus Homo.
C)   language clearly separates humans from the other hominids.
D)   Homo sapiens most likely evolved from Homo neanderthalensis.
E)   only one hominid species lived at any one time.

Question 17

Primates can be classified into two groups based on

Accepted Answer

A)   nasal construction.
B)   number of teeth cusps.
C)   the presence of a prehensile tail.
D)   size of the head.
E)   degree of maternal care.

Question 18

A monkey hanging from its tail must originate from

Accepted Answer

A)   Sub-saharan Africa.
B)   South-East Asia.
C)   North Asia.
D)   Rift Valley area.
E)   tropical America.

Question 19

In amniote tetrapods

Accepted Answer

A)   metamorphosis is absent.
B)   cleavage is meroblastic.
C)   there is only one sacral vertebra.
D)   metamorphosis is absent and cleavage is meroblastic.
E)   metamorphosis is absent and there is only one sacral vertebra.

Question 20

Currently, the oldest genus to be classed as 'hominid' is

Accepted Answer

A)   Paranthropus.
B)   Australopithecus.
C)   Homo.
D)   Proteopithecus.
E)   Sahelanthropus.

Exam 41: Echinoderms and Chordates