Schneider Et Al

Multiple Choice

Schneider et al. compared the performance of 10- to 13-year-olds and adults on a task involving memory for the layout of chess pieces on a chessboard. Half of the children and adults were chess experts and half were not. They found that the

A) adults outperformed the children, regardless of chess expertise, presumably because of the adults' larger short-term memory capacity.
B) child experts outperformed the adult novices because their knowledge of chess aided memory.
C) child experts performed as well as the adult novices, suggesting that knowledge can compensate for memory limitations.
D) child experts performed as well as adult novices when there were a few pieces on the board, but when many chess pieces were involved, the adult novices outperformed the children.