Question 1

The relatively stable formal and informal arrangement that characterizes society, including its economic arrangements, social institutions, and its values and norms, is called ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  social disorganization theory 
B)  strain theory 
C)  social structure 
D)  reaction formation

Question 2

Criminal subculture is primarily based on criminal ________.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Criminal subculture is primarily based on criminal...

Question 3

List the seven propositions of differential association.

Accepted Answer

The answer of List the seven propositions of differential association....

Question 4

According to Miller, smartness is necessary to achieve material goods and personal status without physical effort.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

According to structural and social process theories, economic deprivation is first felt at ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  daycare 
B)  school 
C)  home 
D)  homes of peers

Question 6

Explain Cloward and Ohlin's opportunity theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Cloward and Ohlin's opportunity theory....

Question 7

Which of the following is a cause for crime identified in the theory proposed by Martin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti?

Accepted Answer

A)  Subcultures of violence exist among lower-class males and legitimize the use of violence. 
B)  Lower-class boys seek out legitimate means to attain middle-class success goals, usually through one of three specialized gang contexts. 
C)  Lower-class boys are unable to attain the goals of middle-class culture, and therefore they become involved in nonutilitarian, malicious, and negative behavior. 
D)  Social structure exerts pressure on individuals who cannot attain the cultural goal of success, leading them to engage in nonconforming behavior.

Question 8

Social disorganization theory argues that delinquent behavior becomes an alternative mode of ________ through which youth who are part of disorganized communities are attracted to delinquent values.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Social disorganization theory argues that delinquent behavior...

Question 9

According to Miller, which of the following represents physical prowess, as demonstrated by strength and endurance, which is valued in lower class culture?

Accepted Answer

A)  fate 
B)  trouble 
C)  smartness 
D)  toughness

Question 10

Which of the following is the view that delinquency is learned from others and that delinquent behavior is to be expected of individuals who have internalized a preponderance of definitions that are favorable to law violations?

Accepted Answer

A)  differential association theory 
B)  social process theory 
C)  drift theory 
D)  neutralization theory

Question 11

According to ________, the acceptable method to attain culturally defined goals is through institutionalized means.

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to ________, the acceptable method to...

Question 12

Burgess theorized that the zone farthest from a city's center would likely be the highest in delinquency.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

According to Thornberry's interactional theory, the initial impetus toward delinquency comes from a weakening of the person's bond to conventional society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Please match each term or concept with its definition.
-Status frustration

Accepted Answer

A)  The stress that individuals experience when they cannot attain their goals because of their socioeconomic class. 
B)  The norms, networks, and supportive relationships that people need if they are to realize their potential. 
C)  The psychological strategy for dealing with frustration by becoming hostile toward an unattainable object. 
D)  The limited or nonexistent chance of success; according to strain theory, a key factor in delinquency.

Question 15

________ says that when status frustration occurs, the mechanism of reaction formation is used to deal with it.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ________ says that when status frustration occurs,...

Question 16

Theory integration generally implies the combination of ________ or more contexts, including existing theories, levels of theory, social contexts, or individual contexts, on the basis of their perceived commonalities.

Accepted Answer

A)  two 
B)  three 
C)  four 
D)  five

Question 17

According to containment theory, juveniles who have both strong inner containment and reinforcing external containment are much less likely to become delinquent.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Social control theory is also known as bonding theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Miller argued that the motivation to become delinquent is endemic to middle-class culture.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 20

Please match each term or concept with its definition.
-Reaction formation

Accepted Answer

A)  The stress that individuals experience when they cannot attain their goals because of their socioeconomic class. 
B)  The norms, networks, and supportive relationships that people need if they are to realize their potential. 
C)  The psychological strategy for dealing with frustration by becoming hostile toward an unattainable object. 
D)  The limited or nonexistent chance of success; according to strain theory, a key factor in delinquency.

Exam 4: Social Structural and Social Process Theories of Delinquency

The relatively stable formal and informal arrangement that characterizes society, including its economic arrangements, social institutions, and its values and norms, is called ________.

Criminal subculture is primarily based on criminal ________.

List the seven propositions of differential association.

According to Miller, smartness is necessary to achieve material goods and personal status without physical effort.

According to structural and social process theories, economic deprivation is first felt at ________.

Explain Cloward and Ohlin's opportunity theory.

Which of the following is a cause for crime identified in the theory proposed by Martin Wolfgang and Franco Ferracuti?

Social disorganization theory argues that delinquent behavior becomes an alternative mode of ________ through which youth who are part of disorganized communities are attracted to delinquent values.

According to Miller, which of the following represents physical prowess, as demonstrated by strength and endurance, which is valued in lower class culture?

Which of the following is the view that delinquency is learned from others and that delinquent behavior is to be expected of individuals who have internalized a preponderance of definitions that are favorable to law violations?

According to ________, the acceptable method to attain culturally defined goals is through institutionalized means.

Burgess theorized that the zone farthest from a city's center would likely be the highest in delinquency.

According to Thornberry's interactional theory, the initial impetus toward delinquency comes from a weakening of the person's bond to conventional society.

Please match each term or concept with its definition. -Status frustration

________ says that when status frustration occurs, the mechanism of reaction formation is used to deal with it.

Theory integration generally implies the combination of ________ or more contexts, including existing theories, levels of theory, social contexts, or individual contexts, on the basis of their perceived commonalities.

According to containment theory, juveniles who have both strong inner containment and reinforcing external containment are much less likely to become delinquent.

Social control theory is also known as bonding theory.

Miller argued that the motivation to become delinquent is endemic to middle-class culture.

Please match each term or concept with its definition. -Reaction formation