A Zero-Order Correlation for a Bivariate Association Is -0

Multiple Choice

A zero-order correlation for a bivariate association is -0.65. After controlling for Z, we again observe a partial correlation of -0.65. Which of the following is the best interpretation of this finding?

A) The relationship between X and Y is clearly spurious or association.
B) There is no evidence that Z makes the relationship between X and Y spurious.
C) There is no association between X and Y.
D) There is an interactive association between X and Y.