Question 1

Gardner's theory of multiple intelligences proposes that there are different types of intelligence/abilities. This theory was supported by __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  research on regular people completing different types of cognitive tasks 
B)  a comparison of IQ scores from people in different professions 
C)  identifying abilities that were diminished or lost with damage to certain brain areas 
D)  statistically controlling for people's cultural and social experiences when calculating IQ scores

Question 2

There are two forms of logical reasoning used in problem solving: __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  algorithmic and heuristic reasoning 
B)  inductive and algorithmic reasoning 
C)  heuristic and deductive reasoning 
D)  inductive and deductive reasoning

Question 3

Maggie is trying to solve a problem, and her friend Miguel tells her to sleep on it; maybe the answer will come to her in the morning. Miguel's advice __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  is not good, because sleeping will break Maggie's stream of ideas to solve the problem 
B)  is just a myth-sleeping will not aid Maggie's problem-solving skills 
C)  is good, because a good night's sleep can help Maggie see the problem with fresh eyes 
D)  may help if Maggie is sleep-deprived, but otherwise it is not a helpful suggestion

Question 4

Terrell tells you he wants to teach his infant daughter baby sign language. After reading your text, what feedback would you give Terrell?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Exposing your daughter to baby sign language may result in earlier verbal language development versus children not exposed to baby sign language." 
B)  "Exposing your daughter to baby sign language can delay her development of verbal language." 
C)  "It is a great way to have meaningful interactions with your daughter, but there are no other benefits." 
D)  "Baby sign language may cause frustration in infants, which can affect the types of interactions you have with your daughter."

Question 5

Errors in judgment often occur because of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  cognitive biases and algorithmic failures 
B)  mental sets and heuristics 
C)  cognitive biases and mental sets 
D)  heuristics and cognitive biases

Question 6

Annette speaks both English and French fluently, whereas Mary speaks only English. When tested on their information processing abilities when their working memory is overloaded, __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  Annette processes information more rapidly than Mary. 
B)  Mary processes information more rapidly than Annette. 
C)  Annette has poorer performance on tasks requiring mental flexibility. 
D)  Mary performs better on tasks that involve controlled processes.

Question 7

Brain imaging techniques are used by __________ to study language?

Accepted Answer

A)  acquisition linguists 
B)  language neuroscientists 
C)  imaging specialists 
D)  neurolinguists

Question 8

Elijah suffered a brain injury that affected his ability to use numbers, logic, and reasoning, but he maintained his talent for playing and composing music. This provides support for the __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  two-factor theory of intelligence 
B)  left brain-right brain theory of intelligence 
C)  theory of multiple intelligences 
D)  triarchic theory of intelligence

Question 9

Thinking is defined as the action of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  using one's mind to create unconscious connections between ideas 
B)  producing neural connections 
C)  using one's mind to produce thoughts 
D)  maintaining conscious awareness of ideas

Question 10

Jaime is trying to solve a riddle when, all of a sudden, he has an "aha" moment and knows the answer. This is an example of the __________ problem-solving strategy.

Accepted Answer

A)  brainstorming 
B)  algorithm 
C)  insight 
D)  incubation

Question 11

According to the P-FIT model, the brains of intelligent people work more __________ and with __________ activity in certain brain regions.

Accepted Answer

A)  efficiently; less 
B)  efficiently; more 
C)  concisely; less 
D)  concisely; more

Question 12

Although creativity has been associated with both genetics and core aspects of personality (Liu et al., 2016; Zabelina et al., 2016), we can also look at creativity more broadly. Using Theresa Amabile's (1996) componential model of creativity, give an example of a setting where creative behavior can be promoted. Integrate the three components identified by Amabile to describe social, psychological, and physical elements that can be combined in the setting you chose.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Although creativity has been associated with both...

Question 13

__________ the stream of sight, sound, smell, and taste input allows you to understand new things you have never encountered before, as well as use old information to solve problems.

Accepted Answer

A)  Organizing and processing 
B)  Processing and archiving 
C)  Storing and archiving 
D)  Organizing and storing

Question 14

Based on your text, the correlation between brain size and intelligence is better explained by __________ as opposed to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  the size of the cerebral cortex; brain volume 
B)  brain volume; the density of neurons in the brain 
C)  the density of neurons in the brain; brain volume 
D)  the size of the cerebral cortex; the density of gray brain matter

Question 15

A person with the intellectual level of a four- to seven-year-old, with the ability to develop partial independence in self-care in a supportive, sheltered environment, would have IQ scores __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  between 52 and 67 
B)  between 36 and 57 
C)  between 20 and 35 
D)  below 20

Question 16

Nine-month-old Dason is repeating the sounds made by adults around him. A behaviorist would explain this process of language acquisition as being consistent with the __________ viewpoint, because Dason is learning through __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  nurture; reinforcement 
B)  nurture; imitation 
C)  nature; imitation 
D)  nature; association

Question 17

Frankie scores high on the g factor for an intelligence test. What does this tell you about how Frankie will score on tests that measure specific abilities?

Accepted Answer

A)  Frankie's scores will vary on the specific abilities, but some will probably be high. 
B)  Frankie's scores on the specific ability tests should also be high, because they are related to the g factor. 
C)  Frankie's scores on the specific abilities cannot be predicted because there is no relationship with the g factor. 
D)  Frankie's scores will be lower on the specific abilities because the g factor is being broken down into subcategories.

Question 18

Susan runs into a college friend, Sarah, whom she has not seen since graduation, ten years ago. When Sarah talks about Bob, a mutual friend from the "good old days," Susan immediately generates an image of Bob. Susan has generated a __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  mental photo 
B)  mental representation 
C)  neural image 
D)  retrieved icon

Question 19

Marcie, a four-year-old, describes all vehicles-trucks, SUVs, sedans, vans, etc.-as cars, because children classify objects at the __________ level when they are learning about the world.

Accepted Answer

A)  subordinate 
B)  basic 
C)  superordinate 
D)  advanced

Question 20

Luis is originally from Cuba and has been in the United States for two years. He is taking an intelligence test in Miami. What is an important factor to consider in interpreting his score?

Accepted Answer

A)  Luis may score higher because he has experienced different cultures. 
B)  Luis may score higher because of his Cuban genetics. 
C)  Luis may score lower because he lives in Miami. 
D)  Luis may score lower because of cultural bias in the test itself.

Exam 7: Cognitive Processes