Question 1

In the context of classical conditioning, UCS stands for __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unconditioned stimulus 
B)  uncorrelated stimulus 
C)  unconventional structure 
D)  unconditional situation

Question 2

An irrational fear of a thing, an animal, or a social situation is called a(n) __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction 
B)  phobia 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  anxiety acquisition

Question 3

Discuss the concept of observational learning, especially as it applies to children and violent media such as television, movies, the Internet, and video games. Make sure to include a discussion of relevant findings covered in the textbook.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the concept of observational learning, especially...

Question 4

Compare and contrast habituation and sensitization, and provide an example of each.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast habituation and sensitization, and...

Question 5

In what ways might higher-order conditioning be used by advertisers to get us to buy their products?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways might higher-order conditioning be...

Question 6

In Skinner's study on superstitious behavior in pigeons, the animals were reinforced __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  every time they turned to the left 
B)  every 15 seconds 
C)  every fourth time they bobbed their head 
D)  only if they rocked back and forth

Question 7

Describe the causes, symptoms, and potential outcomes for someone with specific learning disorder.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the causes, symptoms, and potential outcomes...

Question 8

After bringing home a new cat, you quickly realize that you don't enjoy emptying the litter box every few days. In order to avoid this odious task, you decide to attempt to train your pet to use the toilet. Thoroughly discuss the steps you would use to train the animal, making sure to note which type of learning is being employed.

Accepted Answer

The answer of After bringing home a new cat, you...

Question 9

The primary function of learning is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  unknown 
B)  to allow animals to adapt to an ever-changing environment 
C)  to consciously alter behavior 
D)  to engage complex thinking in even the simplest behaviors

Question 10

In studies on human fetuses, habituation was demonstrated as early as 30 weeks. When scientists studied fetuses at 38 weeks, they noticed a change in habituation. Which of the following statements best summarizes the change they noticed in the older fetuses?

Accepted Answer

A)  Older fetuses were less likely to demonstrate habituation to a repeated stimulus. 
B)  Older fetuses were unable to habituate at all to a repeated stimulus. 
C)  Older fetuses demonstrated sensitization instead of habituation. 
D)  Older fetuses displayed habituation for a longer period of time than 30-week-old fetuses.

Question 11

Which of the following statements is true in regard to higher-order conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  While higher-order conditioning is an interesting phenomenon, there are no real-world applications for this type of conditioning. 
B)  Higher-order conditioning can only be expanded by one order away from the original stimulus. 
C)  Higher-order conditioning has only been shown in humans. 
D)  Higher-order conditioning has been successfully accomplished as far as five orders away from the original stimulus pairing.

Question 12

What conclusion can be drawn from the study run by Skinner on superstitious behavior in pigeons?

Accepted Answer

A)  Pigeons will exhibit superstitious behaviors just like humans. 
B)  Pigeons do not have the cognition to establish superstitious behaviors. 
C)  Pigeon behavior is not complicated enough to create a superstitious behavior. 
D)  While pigeons will exhibit superstitious behavior, the behaviors they display will not be part of their normal behavior.

Question 13

The acquisition of fears is considered an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  prepared learning 
B)  one-trial learning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  behavioral conditioning

Question 14

Mario learned to dance by watching dance shows on TV. He demonstrated __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  insight learning 
B)  operant conditioning 
C)  classical conditioning 
D)  observational learning

Question 15

A dog blinking its eyes after a flash of light is presented is an example of __________, and a child doing her homework after receiving a gold star from her teacher is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning; observational learning 
B)  operant conditioning; classical conditioning 
C)  observational learning; operant conditioning 
D)  classical conditioning; operant conditioning

Exam 5: Learning