Question 1

The capacity of short-term memory for verbal material depends on the meaning that the material has.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

The levels of processing model has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

Accepted Answer

A)  distinction between shallow and deep processing has never been clearly defined. 
B)  idea that shallow processing does not always imply a poor memory. 
C)  researchers cannot control the depth to which their subjects process information. 
D)  model does not encourage further research into the nature of long-term memory. 
E)  all of the above are criticisms of the levels of processing model.

Question 3

In Bower & Clark's study, two groups were asked to learn 12 lists of 10 words. Only one group was given a narrative method of learning. Results showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  both groups were equally good at remembering the first two lists. 
B)  the narrative method group was better at remembering only words that were relevant to a particular narrative. 
C)  both groups were equally good at remembering a single list immediately after learning it. 
D)  the non-narrative method proved more successful for learning abstract words than concrete. 
E)  the narrative method proved more successful for learning abstract words than concrete.

Question 4

What are the basic cognitive processes of memory and the basic forms of memory as described in the "modal model"?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the basic cognitive processes of...

Question 5

The recalling of an experience may contain details that never really happened during the original experience; that is, we may include information in our recounting of the experience that is false.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

When goldfish were given antibiotics that prevented synthesis of proteins, short-term rehearsal was disrupted while long-term consolidation of memory was not.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

You could be said to be experiencing proactive interference in your ability to recall information if what you learned in a high school psychology class is interfering with your ability to recall information you are learning in your present psychology class.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Bartlett's research indicated that

Accepted Answer

A)  people tend to remember the gist of most stories. 
B)  the remembering of any story is very specific to the events in the story. 
C)  people tend to reconstruct missing portions of a story based on their expectations. 
D)  remembering the details of a story is easier than remembering the details of major historical events. 
E)  reports of a story are affected by the strength of the adjectives and verbs utilized.

Question 9

The notion that it is how we encode information that determines our ability to retrieve it later is called the encoding __________ principle.

Accepted Answer

A)  processing 
B)  consolidation 
C)  specificity 
D)  elaboration 
E)  mnemonic

Question 10

Which of the following is a characteristic of the peg-word method?

Accepted Answer

A)  It involves attaching images of items to be remembered to mental representations of familiar locations. 
B)  It is one of the few mnemonic systems that does not involve mental imagery. 
C)  It entails using mental imagery to attach images of items to be remembered to mental images of familiar items already in memory. 
D)  It entails turning the items to be remembered into a song with music. 
E)  It entails using mental imagery to see each item as attached by pegs to a washing line.

Question 11

If you remember a list of items by putting them into a coherent story, this method of remembering is termed

Accepted Answer

A)  narrative. 
B)  peg-word. 
C)  geographic. 
D)  method of loci. 
E)  deep processing.

Question 12

Shallow processing involves the processing of

Accepted Answer

A)  letters. 
B)  the semantic features of verbal stimuli. 
C)  contextual characteristics. 
D)  the surface characteristics of stimuli. 
E)  general categories of information.

Question 13

Develop an example of how the method of loci, the peg-word method, or the narrative method might improve your ability to remember something.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Develop an example of how the method...

Question 14

The tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list is called the __________ effect.

Accepted Answer

A)  primacy 
B)  recency 
C)  encoding specificity 
D)  consolidation 
E)  preliminary

Question 15

Rehearsal is often useful for transferring information from __________ memory to __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensory; long-term 
B)  perceptual; long-term 
C)  short-term; long term 
D)  iconic memory; long-term memory 
E)  episodic; semantic

Question 16

People with anterograde amnesia

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot solve a crossword puzzle. 
B)  cannot learn to type on a word processor. 
C)  cannot learn to distinguish Greek letters from each other. 
D)  cannot remember learning a task, which, in fact, they learned recently. 
E)  cannot learn to throw a ball or shoot a puck.

Question 17

The process by which sensory information is converted into a form that can be useful to the brain's memory system is called

Accepted Answer

A)  sensation. 
B)  encoding. 
C)  information processing. 
D)  transduction. 
E)  perception.

Question 18

When DeGroot tested the working memories of expert and novice chess players by briefly showing them chess pieces on a board, experts performed better than novices

Accepted Answer

A)  when the pieces were placed randomly on the board. 
B)  if the pieces were more symmetrically arranged. 
C)  when the pieces were ordered as if a game was in progress. 
D)  if the pieces were ordered similarly to the last game they played. 
E)  however the pieces were arranged.

Question 19

Failure to retrieve information because it is blocked by more recently learned information is called

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive interference. 
B)  decay. 
C)  motivated forgetting. 
D)  retroactive interference. 
E)  anterograde amnesia.

Question 20

The activity of an IEG named ZENK has been shown to increase when birds

Accepted Answer

A)  search for food. 
B)  listen to birdsong. 
C)  defend their territories. 
D)  build nests. 
E)  fly in a flock.

Exam 8: Memory

The capacity of short-term memory for verbal material depends on the meaning that the material has.

The levels of processing model has been criticized for all of the following reasons EXCEPT the

In Bower & Clark's study, two groups were asked to learn 12 lists of 10 words. Only one group was given a narrative method of learning. Results showed that

What are the basic cognitive processes of memory and the basic forms of memory as described in the "modal model"?

The recalling of an experience may contain details that never really happened during the original experience; that is, we may include information in our recounting of the experience that is false.

When goldfish were given antibiotics that prevented synthesis of proteins, short-term rehearsal was disrupted while long-term consolidation of memory was not.

You could be said to be experiencing proactive interference in your ability to recall information if what you learned in a high school psychology class is interfering with your ability to recall information you are learning in your present psychology class.

Bartlett's research indicated that

The notion that it is how we encode information that determines our ability to retrieve it later is called the encoding __________ principle.

Which of the following is a characteristic of the peg-word method?

If you remember a list of items by putting them into a coherent story, this method of remembering is termed

Shallow processing involves the processing of

Develop an example of how the method of loci, the peg-word method, or the narrative method might improve your ability to remember something.

The tendency to remember words at the beginning of a list is called the __________ effect.

Rehearsal is often useful for transferring information from memory to memory.

People with anterograde amnesia

The process by which sensory information is converted into a form that can be useful to the brain's memory system is called

When DeGroot tested the working memories of expert and novice chess players by briefly showing them chess pieces on a board, experts performed better than novices

Failure to retrieve information because it is blocked by more recently learned information is called

The activity of an IEG named ZENK has been shown to increase when birds