The Genes Encoding the Antibody Chains Are Organized in Segments

Essay

The genes encoding the antibody chains are organized in segments, and germ-line DNA contains multiple versions of each segment. The many possible combinations of V, J, and D segments permit an immense variety of different antibodies to be generated. This diversity is augmented by the different combinations of light and heavy chains, the random addition and deletion of nucleotides at the junctions of the segments, and the high mutation rates in the immunoglobulin genes.
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