Question 1

What is NOT a core element of sovereignty?

Accepted Answer

A) The sovereign possesses ultimate authority over the people and territory of a given realm. 
B) External actors are excluded from exercising political authority over a sovereign people. 
C) The sovereign does not share his or her authority of sovereignty with other actors. 
D) Sovereign bodies must each have a military to defend themselves. 
E) All sovereign units are formally equal or have the same legal status.

Question 2

Below is an example of which game?

Accepted Answer

A) Chicken. 
B) The Prisoner's Dilemma. 
C) Stag Hunt. 
D) Coordination. 
E) Cooperation.

Question 3

How does iteration differ from linkage?

Accepted Answer

A) In iteration,agreements are specifically enumerated,rather than being combined or linked to other agreements. 
B) In iteration,all actors share all relevant information,rather than strategically withholding key information. 
C) In iteration,an actor makes the first move in negotiations rather than waiting to use information from other sources to get a better outcome. 
D) In iteration,an actor waits for others to set the agenda for bargaining,rather than promising cooperation in the future. 
E) In iteration,an actor can punish another by withholding cooperation in the future,rather than withholding cooperation on other issues.

Question 4

What is the Prisoner's Dilemma game,and why is mutual defection the expected outcome of the game?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is the Prisoner's Dilemma game,and why...

Question 5

Why did the interests and interactions of the United States and Iraq lead to the 2003 Iraq War?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why did the interests and interactions of...

Question 6

Imposing some cost on others to reduce the value of the reversion outcome is known as:

Accepted Answer

A) coercion. 
B) reversion. 
C) linkage. 
D) enforcement. 
E) collaboration.

Question 7

A state wanting to free ride with regard to ozone depletion would:

Accepted Answer

A) sign an agreement to reduce greenhouse gases but continue to produce such ozone-depleting emissions,while other states decreased their own emissions. 
B) sign an agreement to reduce greenhouse gases but would reduce emissions only if all other signatories also reduced their emissions. 
C) refuse to sign an agreement to reduce greenhouse gases,because it would not trust other states to reduce their own emissions. 
D) sign an agreement to reduce greenhouse gases and then reduce its emissions only as much as the other signatories reduce their emissions. 
E) freely reduce emissions without signing any entangling agreements.

Question 8

How can institutions enforce cooperation between states,given that the world is anarchic?

Accepted Answer

The answer of How can institutions enforce cooperation between states,given...

Question 9

Why do powerful countries NOT ignore World Trade Organization (WTO)rules that hurt their own economic interests?

Accepted Answer

A) The World Trade Organization dispute arbitration panel can effectively enforce punishment of rule violators. 
B) The World Trade Organization can take powerful countries to court in their own country. 
C) Powerful countries would rather follow the rules than cause harm to poorer countries. 
D) Powerful countries fear that they will have to pay fines if they violate the rules. 
E) Powerful countries benefit from the whole system of trading rules and do not want others to also violate the rules.

Question 10

In the figure,a point on the line segment ab represents what in relation to q?

Accepted Answer

A) A gain only for actor A. 
B) A gain only for actor B. 
C) A loss for both actors. 
D) A gain for both actors. 
E) No improvement for either actor.

Question 11

What does the triangle qba represent?

Accepted Answer

A) The set of all possible improvements for actor A. 
B) The set of all possible improvements for actor B. 
C) The set of all possible improvements for actors A and B. 
D) The zone in which neither actor would agree to a bargain. 
E) The zone of potential losses for both actors.

Question 12

All of the following are examples of solutions to coordination problems EXCEPT:

Accepted Answer

A) drivers in the United Kingdom drive on the left side of the road. 
B) international airline pilots all speak English to make international communication easier. 
C) peacekeepers separate two armies in a civil war to stop the conflict. 
D) all firms producing compact discs use a single compatible format. 
E) countries allocate international flight paths to avoid midair collisions.

Question 13

A person goes to college with the hope of improving his or her earning power and future income upon graduation.This is an example of which type of goal that an actor might have?

Accepted Answer

A) Security. 
B) Material welfare. 
C) Ideological. 
D) Power. 
E) Geographic.

Question 14

Why are some interactions considered to be strategic interactions?

Accepted Answer

A) In strategic interactions,an actor has to prepare an unconditional strategy. 
B) In strategic interactions,different actors have different interests. 
C) In strategic interactions,actors have a set of preferences that change,depending on what actions other actors have taken. 
D) In strategic interactions,actors are unlikely to consider the future consequences of their choices. 
E) In strategic interactions,each actor's plan of action depends on what the other actors are expected to do.

Question 15

The best example of institutional bias reflecting the history of its creation is the:

Accepted Answer

A) one country-one vote procedure in the United Nations General Assembly. 
B) unanimous consent of the Council of Ministers of the European Economic Community before 1986. 
C) veto power of the five permanent members on the United Nations Security Council. 
D) qualified majority voting rule of the European Union. 
E) consensus procedure in the World Trade Organization (WTO).

Exam 3: Understanding Interests, interactions, and Institutions