Question 1

Why is it important that cultural differences be taken into account when assessing and diagnosing individuals?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Why is it important that cultural differences...

Question 2

If the diagnostic category Conduct Disorder were to have subtypes that predict meeting vs. not meeting criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder in adulthood, then this would be evidence for_____________of the subtypes.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitivity 
B)  predictive validity 
C)  concurrent validity 
D)  interrater reliability 
E)  test-retest reliability

Question 3

What might women's groups see as the main problem with the diagnostic categories of the DSM?

Accepted Answer

A)  Many behaviors associated with being female are viewed as indicative of poor mental health. 
B)  Important traits are ignored once a person is diagnosed with an illness. 
C)  The diagnostic categories are based on the medical model. 
D)  Diagnoses of mental disorders are based on a discrete approach to classification of mental disorders. 
E)  Women are often stigmatized to a greater degree.

Question 4

Elma is from the Philippines, and she claims that she sees the spirits of dead on different occasions, as do other individuals in her culture. It would be important to consider culture in this diagnosis because she could be suffering from

Accepted Answer

A)  perhaps nothing - these beliefs could be normal in this culture. 
B)  schizophrenia. 
C)  hauntings. 
D)  some type of psychosis. 
E)  the use of hallucinogens.

Question 5

The main feature of schizophrenia is

Accepted Answer

A)  poor diet and substance abuse. 
B)  below average level of intelligence. 
C)  excessive fear, worry, and apprehension. 
D)  a marked loss of pleasure from usual activities. 
E)  a loss of contact with the world.

Question 6

Rachel is a secretary at a large law firm, where she is treated with a lack of respect, then she goes home to her husband and children where she has to cook and clean while her husband watches T.V. Recently, Rachel was given antidepressants to treat her feelings of sadness and lack of self-worth. The most likely criticism of Rachel's diagnosis of depression would be

Accepted Answer

A)  most women become depressed, so Rachel should not necessarily receive this diagnosis. 
B)  normal female behaviour is being medicalized. 
C)  Rachel is more likely suffering from generalized anxiety disorder. 
D)  anti-depressants aren't the best method to treat depression. 
E)  Rachel is facing many difficulties--perhaps changes in her life would remedy the situation.

Question 7

One example of dimensional classification would be using questionnaires to give people a certain score on a certain criterion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

What is the main reason for distinguishing between Axis I and Axis II in DSM-IV-TR?

Accepted Answer

A)  to consider long-term disturbances 
B)  to ensure agreement between clinicians 
C)  to distinguish between psychological and medical problems 
D)  to make sure that every patient is also properly diagnosed with the correct personality disorder 
E)  to offer other interpretations of the disorder

Question 9

Why has it been proposed that a dimensional approach to classification should be adopted in the DSM?

Accepted Answer

A)  People who need help may not be receiving it because they fall short of diagnostic criteria. 
B)  There are too few categories to cover every possible disorder. 
C)  Either people have a mental disorder or they do not. 
D)  Stigmatization occurs far too often when people are categorized. 
E)  Clinicians would find it much easier to agree on who should receive a diagnosis and who should not.

Question 10

Diagnosis can lead clinicians to make assumptions about an individual which are not valid.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Research has found that members of African-American and Hispanic populations showing emotional disturbances are more likely than Caucasians to be diagnosed as schizophrenic. This illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  cultural biases. 
B)  interrater reliability. 
C)  misinterpretation of symptoms. 
D)  stigmatization. 
E)  racism.

Question 12

If you were diagnosed by your psychologist as having an impulse control disorder, you would most likely engage in behaviours such as

Accepted Answer

A)  compulsive drinking or eating. 
B)  destroying property and beating up others. 
C)  excessive Internet use. 
D)  excessive cleaning of your house. 
E)  engaging in huge spending sprees and excessive sexual behaviour.

Question 13

Define reliability and validity, and describe the concepts of interrater reliability and concurrent and predictive validity in measuring psychopathology.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define reliability and validity, and describe the...

Question 14

In order to deal with gender biases in diagnostic systems, a reconceptualization of the way that women's behaviours are viewed will have to occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

Choose one of the Axis I categories of disorder listed in the DSM-IV-TR, and describe this category.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Choose one of the Axis I categories...

Question 16

If the diagnostic category Autism Spectrum Disorder included information about the IQ or mental ability profiles commonly observed in persons with the diagnosis, then the diagnostic category would be said to have ______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  predictive validity 
B)  concurrent validity 
C)  culture bias 
D)  test-retest reliability 
E)  inter-rater reliability

Question 17

Axis V indicates that two individuals could be suffering from the same disorder, but may receive extremely different types of treatments.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

If there was a perfect relationship between a diagnosis of conduct disorder in early adolescence and a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood, this would be evidence for the __________ of the first diagnosis.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensitivity 
B)  predictive validity 
C)  concurrent validity 
D)  interrater reliability 
E)  reliability

Question 19

The beginning of a modern system of classifying disorders can be attributed to

Accepted Answer

A)  the American Psychological Association. 
B)  the Canadian Psychological Association. 
C)  DSM-I 
D)  the World Health Organization. 
E)  the American Psychiatric Association.

Question 20

Kraepelin's classification system is very different from modern classification systems.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 3: Classification and Diagnosis

Why is it important that cultural differences be taken into account when assessing and diagnosing individuals?

If the diagnostic category Conduct Disorder were to have subtypes that predict meeting vs. not meeting criteria for Antisocial Personality Disorder in adulthood, then this would be evidence for_____________of the subtypes.

What might women's groups see as the main problem with the diagnostic categories of the DSM?

Elma is from the Philippines, and she claims that she sees the spirits of dead on different occasions, as do other individuals in her culture. It would be important to consider culture in this diagnosis because she could be suffering from

The main feature of schizophrenia is

One example of dimensional classification would be using questionnaires to give people a certain score on a certain criterion.

What is the main reason for distinguishing between Axis I and Axis II in DSM-IV-TR?

Why has it been proposed that a dimensional approach to classification should be adopted in the DSM?

Diagnosis can lead clinicians to make assumptions about an individual which are not valid.

Research has found that members of African-American and Hispanic populations showing emotional disturbances are more likely than Caucasians to be diagnosed as schizophrenic. This illustrates

If you were diagnosed by your psychologist as having an impulse control disorder, you would most likely engage in behaviours such as

Define reliability and validity, and describe the concepts of interrater reliability and concurrent and predictive validity in measuring psychopathology.

In order to deal with gender biases in diagnostic systems, a reconceptualization of the way that women's behaviours are viewed will have to occur.

Choose one of the Axis I categories of disorder listed in the DSM-IV-TR, and describe this category.

If the diagnostic category Autism Spectrum Disorder included information about the IQ or mental ability profiles commonly observed in persons with the diagnosis, then the diagnostic category would be said to have ______________.

Axis V indicates that two individuals could be suffering from the same disorder, but may receive extremely different types of treatments.

If there was a perfect relationship between a diagnosis of conduct disorder in early adolescence and a diagnosis of antisocial personality disorder in adulthood, this would be evidence for the __________ of the first diagnosis.

The beginning of a modern system of classifying disorders can be attributed to

Kraepelin's classification system is very different from modern classification systems.