Question 1

Recent evidence suggests that the basic mirror neuron system is present as early as

Accepted Answer

A)  birth. 
B)  1 month. 
C)  3 months. 
D)  6 months.

Question 2

First graders think more concretely, and it would be unrealistic to ask them to tackle national abstract issues. Which topic would work best with this age group?

Accepted Answer

A)  family 
B)  other cultures 
C)  the jungle 
D)  the desert

Question 3

The most informative assessments are

Accepted Answer

A)  written tests. 
B)  demonstrations. 
C)  tests of independent performance. 
D)  tests of assisted performance.

Question 4

The family in "Meet A Bilingual Family" has a son named Patrick. Why is Patrick fluent in English but not in Spanish?

Accepted Answer

A)  This is additive bilingualism. 
B)  This is subtractive bilingualism. 
C)  This is simultaneous bilingualism. 
D)  This is sequential bilingualism.

Question 5

What kind of theory did Vygotsky have?

Accepted Answer

A)  sociocultural 
B)  metacognitive 
C)  information processing 
D)  scaffolding

Question 6

The text gives an example of a boy of 3½ years describing a foggy morning as "froggy." Their child explained that "when all the frogs breathe out they make the air froggy." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  egocentrism. 
B)  conservation. 
C)  private speech. 
D)  intuitive thinking.

Question 7

The process whereby adults or more advanced peers introduce new concepts, knowledge, and skills to a child is called

Accepted Answer

A)  processing efficiency. 
B)  fast mapping. 
C)  information processing. 
D)  mediation.

Question 8

At which of the following mental activities are older children better than young children?

Accepted Answer

A)  processing small amounts of information 
B)  processing information slower 
C)  controlling their attention 
D)  egocentrism

Question 9

The integrated understanding of what the mind is, how it works, and why it works that way is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  mediation of collaborative learning. 
B)  ZPD. 
C)  theory of mind. 
D)  internalization of schemes.

Question 10

Metacognitive skills improve rapidly after the age of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 
B)  4 
C)  5 
D)  6

Question 11

Mimi is shown a toy monkey. Then she is shown the monkey in doll clothing with a human-looking mask. Although its tail and ears are visible, Mimi thinks the monkey has become a child doll. This demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  theory of mind. 
B)  ZPD. 
C)  automaticity. 
D)  internalization of schemes.

Question 12

_____ schools emphasize respect for the natural curiosity, resourcefulness, and competence of children.

Accepted Answer

A)  Montessori 
B)  Reggio Emilia 
C)  High/Scope Perry Preschool 
D)  Abecedarian

Question 13

Children have developed the appearance-reality distinction by the age of

Accepted Answer

A)  2. 
B)  3. 
C)  4. 
D)  5.

Question 14

What are the main ideas in Vygotsky's sociocultural view of cognitive development? How did his theory reflect his own background?

Accepted Answer

The answer of What are the main ideas in Vygotsky's...

Question 15

Participants in the _____ were less likely to have been arrested.

Accepted Answer

A)  Montessori program 
B)  Reggio Emilia program 
C)  High/Scope Perry Preschool program 
D)  Abecedarian program

Question 16

After a windy night, 5-year-old Tori notices a broken branch on a tree. She says "The tree is crying because its branch got broke." This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  conservation. 
B)  artificialism. 
C)  animism. 
D)  private speech.

Question 17

Piaget called logical processes that can be reversed

Accepted Answer

A)  operations. 
B)  animism. 
C)  egocentrism. 
D)  all of the above

Question 18

Vygotsky termed the distance between a learner's maximum independent performance and the tasks the learner can perform with assistance

Accepted Answer

A)  internalization. 
B)  processing efficiency. 
C)  mediation. 
D)  the ZPD.

Question 19

An example of scaffolding is

Accepted Answer

A)  doing part of the task for the child. 
B)  simplifying difficult parts. 
C)  talking the child through the task. 
D)  all of the above

Question 20

Piaget believed children demonstrated mental representation by what kind of play?

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  sociocultural 
C)  conservation 
D)  symbolic

Exam 8: Cognitive Development in Early Childhood