Question 1

Describe the three curriculum models that are primarily used in preschool programs for children with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

Answers will vary; refer to page 97. Discussion should cover the developmental model, the cognitive model, and the behavioural model.

Question 2

Which of the following statements is true regarding written expression deficits?

Accepted Answer

A)   These deficits are receiving greater recognition as potentially serious problems.
B)   The impact of written language problems in the classroom increases with a student's age.
C)   Written expression encompasses handwriting, spelling, and written expression.
D)   All of the above D

Question 3

The multidisciplinary team may not identify a student as having a learning disability if the severe discrepancy between ability and achievement is primarily the result of

Accepted Answer

A)   a visual, hearing, or motor disability
B)   emotional disturbance
C)   economic disadvantage
D)   all of the above A

Question 4

Four-year-old Rina participates in an innovative preschool program that emphasizes field trips, diverse experiences, and language enrichment. This program is characteristic of which of the following models?

Accepted Answer

A)   cognitive model
B)   behavioural model
C)   social model
D)   developmental model

Question 5

The discrepancy factor in learning disabilities refers to

Accepted Answer

A)   children with levels of academic and language achievement that are unexpectedly low, given their overall ability or level of intelligence
B)   children with below average intellectual achievement who perform better than expected on standardized achievement tests
C)   children who are overachievers
D)   children who are slow learners

Question 6

Which of the following is curriculum models primarily used in preschool programs for children with special needs?

Accepted Answer

A)   developmental, cognitive, and behavioral models
B)   developmental, creative, and institutional models
C)   language and cognitive models
D)   environmental, social, and developmental models

Question 7

A disorder of thinking and reasoning presumed to be due to central nervous system dysfunction is

Accepted Answer

A)   a mental disability
B)   a thinking disability
C)   a cognitive disability
D)   indicative of intellectual disability

Question 8

The discrepancy model is considered especially problematic when applied to culturally and linguistically diverse students because of their problems in

Accepted Answer

A)   attending school
B)   asking for help
C)   using standardized tests
D)   participating in sports

Question 9

Discuss controversial issues related to the identification of preschoolers with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss controversial issues related to the identification...

Question 10

Seven-year-old Hernandez has been referred for a special education evaluation. Given his Latino origins and his inability to speak English, what types of concerns should be addressed before, during, and after this evaluation?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Seven-year-old Hernandez has been referred for a...

Question 11

Which of the following prevalence estimates reflects the percentage of students with learning disabilities in the school-aged population?

Accepted Answer

A)   10%
B)   3%
C)   4%
D)   12%

Question 12

School personnel must carefully determine that the differences related to ____________ are not the primary cause of a student's learning difficulties.

Accepted Answer

A)   status
B)   diversity
C)   gender
D)   diet

Question 13

Students with learning disabilities comprise what percentage of the disabled student population?

Accepted Answer

A)   over 50%
B)   approximately 40%
C)   almost 70%
D)   approximately 35%

Question 14

Describe the types of difficulties students with learning disabilities might exhibit in four of the following areas:
a. reading
b. mathematics
c. language
d. social-emotional
e. cognition
f. metacognition
g. memory
h. perception
i. attention and hyperactivity

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the types of difficulties students with...

Question 15

Alexandria is a fifth grader who is inconsistent with tasks, has difficulty reading, and appears unmotivated. One reason why her learning disability is difficult to identify is that

Accepted Answer

A)   this is an invisible disability
B)   her inconsistency makes her teacher believe that she does not have a learning disability
C)   her lack of motivation is due to years of frustration and failure
D)   all of the above

Question 16

Children with learning disabilities are similar in that they all experience

Accepted Answer

A)   perceptual problems
B)   reading problems
C)   mathematics problems
D)   learning problems

Question 17

Which one of the following statements is most accurate regarding the cause(s) of learning disabilities?

Accepted Answer

A)   Learning disabilities are due primarily to genetic and hereditary influences.
B)   Learning disabilities have many possible causes.
C)   Learning disabilities are due primarily to brain damage or injury.
D)   Learning disabilities are the result of adverse prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal factors.

Question 18

How can the classroom be adapted for students with learning disabilities?

Accepted Answer

A)   use of inflated scores
B)   penalize students for low test scores
C)   a wide range of adaptations to meet individual needs
D)   adaptations are not necessary

Question 19

In the 1970s, a significant debate existed between advocates for perceptual training of auditory and visual processes and those advocating

Accepted Answer

A)   behaviour modification
B)   the metacognitive approach
C)   social and ecological interventions
D)   direct instruction in the deficit academic area(s)

Question 20

Describe the use of strategy instruction for students with learning disabilities.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the use of strategy instruction for...

Exam 4: Teaching Students With Learning Disabilities