Question 1

Although my cat no longer considers the can opener a sign that she is about to be fed, every now and then, at seemingly random times, she does come running when I use the can opener. She is exhibiting:

Accepted Answer

A)  the law of effect 
B)  positive reinforcement 
C)  negative reinforcement 
D)  spontaneous recovery

Question 2

As you drive down the street, a leaf hits your windshield. You know that the leaf is not going to break the windshield and yet you blink anyway. In classical conditioning, the leaf is a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  CS 
B)  CR 
C)  UCS 
D)  UCR

Question 3

Most people think that, at some time in their life, they would like to get married and have children. As you can imagine, at many points in your child's life, they are going to misbehave. Assuming that you don't plan to reinforce or ignore bad behavior, you are going to have to punish your child. First, simply list (do not describe) the 5 problems that are associated with punishment. Second, knowing the problems, how do you plan on punishing your child?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most people think that, at some time...

Question 4

Based on neuropsychological data, which of the following is thought to play a role in operant conditioning?

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral approach system 
B)  behavioral inhibition system 
C)  fight-flight system 
D)  all of the above

Question 5

The individual primarily and most notably associated with observational learning, and whose original research involved the use of a Bobo doll, is:

Accepted Answer

A)  Julian Rotter 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  Edward Tolman 
D)  Michael Orlacchio

Question 6

What kind of conditioning is used to teach an animal that a particular behavior is associated with a particular response

Accepted Answer

A)  classical conditioning 
B)  associative learning 
C)  operant conditioning 
D)  shaping

Question 7

When organisms are classically conditioned to a CS, they may respond to similar stimuli with that same CS. That is an example of:

Accepted Answer

A)  response sequencing 
B)  response generalization 
C)  stimulus generalization 
D)  stimulus degradation

Question 8

The idea of latent learning was postulated by:

Accepted Answer

A)  Edward Thorndike 
B)  Albert Bandura 
C)  Michael Orlacchio 
D)  Edward Tolman

Question 9

To associate the can opener with food, I run the can opener and then feed my cat. From a classical conditioning perspective, each pairing of the sound of the can opener with food is referred to as a/an:

Accepted Answer

A)  extinction event 
B)  conditioning trial 
C)  acquisition event 
D)  reinforcing event

Question 10

You take a job in which you stuff envelopes with appeals for donations. For every 50 envelopes you stuff, you earn 10 dollars. What type of schedule of reinforcement is this?

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed ratio 
B)  fixed interval 
C)  variable ratio 
D)  variable interval

Question 11

If you cheat on your boyfriend/girlfriend, and then they praise how great you are to you and a large group of friends you are sitting with, you are less likely to be unfaithful again (assuming you feel guilty). The reduction in infidelity can best be explained by:

Accepted Answer

A)  punishment 
B)  contiguity 
C)  reinforcement 
D)  law of effect

Question 12

The purpose of Watson's experiment involving little Albert was to determine if:

Accepted Answer

A)  infants are innately capable of learning fear 
B)  phobias do exist 
C)  babies are just as susceptible as adults to fears 
D)  emotional responses can be learned

Question 13

My cat gets food from a can and quickly learns that the sound of the electric can opener is a cue that she is soon to be fed. I soon learn that dry food is better for my cat so I start to feed her only food from a bag. At first she runs when she hears the electric can opener. After awhile, she doesn't do that anymore. She has displayed:

Accepted Answer

A)  positive reinforcement 
B)  negative reinforcement 
C)  extinction 
D)  punishment

Question 14

In order for classical conditioning to occur, Pavlov suggests that the UCS should be paired with:

Accepted Answer

A)  a stimulus that is similar to the UCS 
B)  a stimulus that is greater in intensity than the UCS 
C)  a response that is temporally coincident with the UCS 
D)  a neutral stimulus

Question 15

Due to your experiences with people of a certain type, you find yourself responding to new people in the same way as people in the past that belonged to that category or type. You are adhering to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the law of contiguity 
B)  the law of similarity 
C)  the law of contingency 
D)  the law of resemblance

Question 16

Research more recent than Pavlov's suggests that:

Accepted Answer

A)  the conditioned response and unconditioned response are usually similar, but rarely identical. 
B)  the conditioned response and unconditioned response are absolutely identical. 
C)  humans are less susceptible to classical conditioning than are other organisms. 
D)  humans are more susceptible to classical conditioning than are other organisms.

Question 17

In _____ conditioning, the UCS is presented and stopped before the CS.

Accepted Answer

A)  inverted 
B)  backward 
C)  anti-thesis 
D)  opponent-process

Question 18

All of the following are thought to provide an answer to the question, ìWhy are reinforcers reinforcing?î except for:

Accepted Answer

A)  negative reinforcement 
B)  primary reinforcers 
C)  drive-reduction theory 
D)  secondary reinforcers

Question 19

You find that you did much, much better than you hoped on an exam. You think how lucky you are. You have:

Accepted Answer

A)  an external locus of control 
B)  an internal locus of control 
C)  cognitive dissonance 
D)  a pessimistic explanatory style

Question 20

Learning is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)  an enduring change in the way an organism responds based on experience 
B)  those experiences, direct or indirect, that shape the behavior of an individual 
C)  the associations formed between stimulus and response as a result of conditioning 
D)  changes in behavior that are permanent and functional

Exam 5: Learning