Question 1

The dependent variable in an experimental design

Accepted Answer

A)  can change the independent variable. 
B)  can change age-related variables. 
C)  can change only as a result of change in the independent variable. 
D)  can be studied free of the independent variable.

Question 2

In a sequential design, if two different cohort groups score alike on a particular measure at the same testing point, the changes in the measured variable can be concluded to be due to

Accepted Answer

A)  cohort effects. 
B)  developmental changes. 
C)  random variables. 
D)  the historical period.

Question 3

A study conducted by Professor McGowan investigated the memory capabilities of three different age groups over a period of 15 years. This is an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional design. 
B)  longitudinal design. 
C)  sequential design. 
D)  correlational design.

Question 4

When should the naturalistic observation method be employed?

Accepted Answer

A)  When studying unique individuals 
B)  For experimental results 
C)  When maximum control is desired 
D)  For ecological validity

Question 5

When children are born, their minds are like________ philosopher, John Locke.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When children are born, their minds are...

Question 6

If developmental change is seen as quantitative only, which of the following statements is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Age-related development can be explained by stages. 
B)  Age-related development is due to changes in amount. 
C)  Age-related development is due to changes in kind. 
D)  Age-related changes are predetermined.

Question 7

A personality inventory was given to 100 8-years olds in 1998. These same children were given the personality inventory again in 2000, 2002, and 2004. This is an example of the _____ design method.

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-sectional 
B)  sequential 
C)  descriptive 
D)  longitudinal

Question 8

One of the main components of an experimental study is random assignment of participants to one or more groups. This is an attempt to control for

Accepted Answer

A)  the independent variable. 
B)  the dependent variable. 
C)  extraneous variables. 
D)  correlational variables.

Question 9

The first scientific study of child development was conducted by

Accepted Answer

A)  Darwin. 
B)  Hall. 
C)  Rousseau. 
D)  Gesell.

Question 10

Blind observers are employed in research in order to limit the effect of

Accepted Answer

A)  bias. 
B)  extraneous variables. 
C)  distractions. 
D)  resilience.

Question 11

The __________ delineates specific age-related cultural expectations for sequences of behavior.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ delineates specific age-related cultural expectations...

Question 12

The idea of stages implies

Accepted Answer

A)  qualitative change. 
B)  quantitative change. 
C)  continuity of development. 
D)  linear additions of capabilities.

Question 13

When assessing children for________ developmental norms can provide useful information to both parents and professionals.

Accepted Answer

The answer of When assessing children for________ developmental norms can...

Question 14

____ is the concept that children are born with dispositions to respond to the
environment in a particular manner.

Accepted Answer

The answer of ____ is the concept that children are...

Question 15

Several periods of development do not have clear biological boundaries. Rather, their limits are determined by

Accepted Answer

A)  cognition. 
B)  peer interaction. 
C)  parental expectations. 
D)  culture.

Question 16

Changes in personality, emotions, and relationships with others are studied as part of which domain?

Accepted Answer

A)  Physical 
B)  Cognitive 
C)  Socioemotional 
D)  Personal

Question 17

A _____ is a limited time in development when an individual is open to specific experiences in the environment.

Accepted Answer

A)  social clock 
B)  critical period 
C)  normative history-graded changes 
D)  sensitive period

Question 18

Demonstrate your knowledge of the experimental method by designing a project that would evaluate the effectiveness of a new after-school program.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Demonstrate your knowledge of the experimental method...

Question 19

Which of the following best measures cause and effect?

Accepted Answer

A)  Experimental method 
B)  Case study 
C)  Correlational method 
D)  Laboratory observation

Question 20

The nature versus nurture controversy has both historical and contemporary considerations.Characterize the four historical and contemporary approaches. Present an example from on the periods of development for the four concepts you present.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The nature versus nurture controversy has both...

Exam 1: Basic Concepts and Methods