Question 1

A set of statements is exhaustive if they can't all be

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 2

The strength of an argument is determined solely by its form.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  False

Question 3

Whether an argument from authority is strong depends on whether the authority cited is reliable.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False  True

Question 4

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Assume that P(A) = 3/5, P(B) = 3/10, P(C) = 7/10, P(D) = 4/5, and P(A/B) = 7/10. Assuming that C and D are independent, determine the following probability:
P(B → B)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symbols list
Where necessary, you may use the...

Question 5

Which of the following is the general disjunction rule?

Accepted Answer

A)   If p and q are mutually exclusive, then P(p ⋁ q)  = P(p)  + P(q) .
B)   If p and q are mutually exclusive, then P(p • q)  = P(p)  + P(q) .
C)  P(p ⋁ ~p)  = P(p)  - P(~p) .
D)  P(p ⋁ q)  = P(p)  + P(q)  - P(p • q) .

Question 6

Cogent arguments can have false conclusions.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

The percentage cited in a statistical syllogism may be less than 50.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Which of the following would strengthen an argument from analogy?

Accepted Answer

A)   discovering relevant similarities between the things compared
B)   discovering relevant dissimilarities between the things compared
C)   identifying things relevantly similar to the objects but that lack the property in question
D)   restating it using psychologically more persuasive language

Question 9

P(A ? ~A) = P(A) + P(~A).

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

The fallacy of incomplete evidence arises for inductions by enumeration when

Accepted Answer

A)   the sample is incomplete (not all members of the population were surveyed) .
B)   the sample is representative of the population.
C)   the sample is too small or is biased.
D)   the sample is random.

Question 11

In using the method of agreement, one attempts to identify a common factor in a range of cases.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

The smaller the sample of a population, the larger the margin of sampling error.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

Which of the following is the form of an argument from authority?

Accepted Answer

A)   A is similar to B in relevant respects, and B has property P. So, A has property P. B. x percent of a sample of A is B. So, approximately x percent of A is B.
C)   x percent of A is B. c is an A. So, c is a B.
D)   R is reliable, and R asserts that S. So, S.

Question 14

In which of the following samples is the sampling error the lowest?

Accepted Answer

A)   1,000
B)   300
C)   750
D)   150

Question 15

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Suppose that you have an ordinary deck of playing cards. Assuming that you are as likely to draw one card as another, what is the probability that on your next draw you will select a king or a black card?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symbols list
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Question 16

The fallacy of incomplete evidence is committed in a statistical syllogism when one knowingly omits relevant evidence that bears on the truth of the conclusion.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

A statistical syllogism argues that because a certain percentage of a group has a certain characteristic and a particular thing is a member of that group, that particular thing must also have that characteristic.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Symbols list
Where necessary, you may use the list below to copy-and-paste symbols into your answer. →;↔;•;~;⋁;\;≠;$;×
Assume that P(A) = 3/5, P(B) = 3/10, P(C) = 7/10, P(D) = 4/5, and P(A/B) = 7/10. Assuming that C and D are independent, determine the following probability:
P(B ⋁A)

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symbols list
Where necessary, you may use the...

Question 19

Symbols list
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Suppose that you have an ordinary deck of playing cards. Assuming that you are as likely to draw one card as another, what is the probability that on your next draw you will select the three of clubs or the three of hearts?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Symbols list
Where necessary, you may use the...

Question 20

The method of difference involves identifying ways in which differences between events influence our perception of them.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Exam 10: Inductive Logic

A set of statements is exhaustive if they can't all be

The strength of an argument is determined solely by its form.

Whether an argument from authority is strong depends on whether the authority cited is reliable.

Symbols list Where necessary, you may use the list below to copy-and-paste symbols into your answer. →;↔;•;~;⋁;\;≠;$;× Assume that P(A) = 3/5, P(B) = 3/10, P(C) = 7/10, P(D) = 4/5, and P(A/B) = 7/10. Assuming that C and D are independent, determine the following probability: P(B → B)

Which of the following is the general disjunction rule?

Cogent arguments can have false conclusions.

The percentage cited in a statistical syllogism may be less than 50.

Which of the following would strengthen an argument from analogy?

P(A ? ~A) = P(A) + P(~A).

The fallacy of incomplete evidence arises for inductions by enumeration when

In using the method of agreement, one attempts to identify a common factor in a range of cases.

The smaller the sample of a population, the larger the margin of sampling error.

Which of the following is the form of an argument from authority?

In which of the following samples is the sampling error the lowest?

The fallacy of incomplete evidence is committed in a statistical syllogism when one knowingly omits relevant evidence that bears on the truth of the conclusion.

A statistical syllogism argues that because a certain percentage of a group has a certain characteristic and a particular thing is a member of that group, that particular thing must also have that characteristic.

Symbols list Where necessary, you may use the list below to copy-and-paste symbols into your answer. →;↔;•;~;⋁;\;≠;$;× Assume that P(A) = 3/5, P(B) = 3/10, P(C) = 7/10, P(D) = 4/5, and P(A/B) = 7/10. Assuming that C and D are independent, determine the following probability: P(B ⋁A)

The method of difference involves identifying ways in which differences between events influence our perception of them.