Question 1

Which of the following is present in bat droppings, putting cavers at risk for this disease?

Accepted Answer

A)   Coccidioides immitis
B)   Histoplasma capsulatum
C)   Mycobacterium tuberculosis
D)   Mycobacterium avium complex (MA
C)   B

Question 2

Defects in NRAMPs cause:

Accepted Answer

A)   Phagosome dysfunction
B)   Disruption of protein synthesis
C)   Inability to package and release antibodies
D)   Defective interactions between CD4 T cells and antigen-presenting cells (APCs)  A

Question 3

What is the difference between granulomas found in coccidioidomycosis and TB?

Accepted Answer

A)   There are no T cells present in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
B)   There are B cells present only in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
C)   There are no fibroblasts present in coccidioidomycosis granulomas.
D)   There are lymphocytes present only in coccidioidomycosis granulomas. B

Question 4

What is an advantage of in vitro testing over the PPD skin test for TB? 
I. The test is more accurate
II. The test can be completed in 1 day
III. The test is not affected by prior TB vaccinations

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   III only
C)   I and II
D)   II and III
E)   I, II, and III

Question 5

Patients with celiac sprue need to avoid what agent?

Accepted Answer

A)   Latex
B)   Nickel
C)   Gluten
D)   Sumac

Question 6

What role does lipoarabinomannan play in the immune response triggered by tuberculosis (TB) infection?

Accepted Answer

A)   Stimulates production of IL-10
B)   Stimulates production of TNF-a
C)   Stimulates production of interferon-g
D)   Stimulates production of reactive oxygen species (ROS)

Question 7

Which of the following can be found inside a granuloma?

Accepted Answer

A)   Basophils
B)   Eosinophils
C)   Neutrophils
D)   Macrophages

Question 8

What is the cause of photo contact dermatitis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Soap
B)   Acids
C)   Poison ivy
D)   Drugs or drug metabolites

Question 9

The main organ target for Coccidioides immitis is:

Accepted Answer

A)   Lung
B)   Liver
C)   Heart
D)   Muscles

Question 10

In which stage of TB infection does lung necrosis caused by macrophage-derived reactive oxygen species (ROS) begin?

Accepted Answer

A)   The first phase
B)   The second phase
C)   The third phase
D)   The final phase

Question 11

Which of the following is/are considered a genetic factor that increases susceptibility to mycobacterial infections? 
I. Defect in TNF-a receptor
II. Defect in vitamin D receptor
III. Defect in interferon-g receptor

Accepted Answer

A)   I only
B)   III only
C)   I and II
D)   II and III
E)   I, II, and III

Question 12

What is the difference between a reaction to poison ivy and other delayed-type hypersensitivity reactions?

Accepted Answer

A)   The poison ivy reaction is solely a CD8 response.
B)   The poison ivy reaction is solely mediated by IgG.
C)   The poison ivy reaction is solely an NK cell response.
D)   The poison ivy reaction is solely a macrophage response.

Question 13

Why is a positive PPD skin test not sufficient to determine if a patient has active TB?

Accepted Answer

A)   The skin test does not test for all strains.
B)   There are many false positive test results.
C)   Only the latent form gives a positive skin test.
D)   The positive skin test only indicates previous exposure.

Question 14

Why are Mycobacterium avium complex (MAC) infections more difficult to treat?

Accepted Answer

A)   Antibiotic resistance
B)   Antibiotics cannot reach the site of infection
C)   The antibiotics are so toxic that patients will not take them
D)   MAC organisms can form spores that protect them from an immune response

Question 15

Which of the following is a virulence factor and drug target for Mycobacterium tuberculosis?

Accepted Answer

A)   Capsule
B)   NRAMP1
C)   Ergosterol
D)   Mycolic acid

Exam 19: Delayed Type Hypersensitivity Reactions