Question 1

Who most likely believes a causal theory?

Accepted Answer

A)  Isabella, who thinks that rainy days make her sad 
B)  Ava, who thinks she needs to work harder 
C)  Daniela, who is calling her grandmother on her birthday 
D)  Sophia, who is taking her turn to take out the trash

Question 2

The development of our sense of self is partly influenced by the culture in which we grow up.For example, in Western cultures, people tend to have an ________ view of the self, whereas in non-Western cultures, people tend to have an ________ view of the self.

Accepted Answer

A)  independent; interdependent 
B)  interdependent; independent 
C)  intrinsic; extrinsic 
D)  extrinsic; intrinsic

Question 3

According to research by Dweck, a ________ is more likely to promote success both athletically and academically.

Accepted Answer

A)  positive mental attitude 
B)  strong social support network 
C)  fixed mindset 
D)  growth mindset

Question 4

Charles is motivated to see himself accurately.What kind of social comparison is he most likely to make?

Accepted Answer

A) He will make an upward comparison. 
B) He will make a downward comparison. 
C) He will compare himself to people with a similar background to his own. 
D) He will not use social comparison; rather, he will use introspection.

Question 5

There is evidence that suggests that there are cultural differences in how people view themselves.Describe, using an example, how people from collectivist cultures tend to view themselves, and how people from individualist cultures tend to view themselves.

Accepted Answer

The answer of There is evidence that suggests that there...

Question 6

To summarize the information about "telling more than we can know," often factors that seem like they should affect us ________ and factors that seem like they should have no impact ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  do not; do not 
B)  do not; do 
C)  do; do not 
D)  have great impact; have mild impact

Question 7

You assume that Franklin is intrinsically motivated to write a course paper because

Accepted Answer

A)  it will increase his chances of making the Dean's List. 
B)  it is a requirement to pass the course. 
C)  he wants his professor to write him a letter of recommendation. 
D)  Franklin seems to savor immersing himself in writing.

Question 8

Shellie has a growth mindset.She has just found out that she did poorly on an exam.Which of the following is she most likely to do?

Accepted Answer

A)  try even harder to succeed 
B)  disengage and give up 
C)  feel the exam was unfair 
D)  try to cheat on the next exam

Question 9

All of the following statements about self-awareness are true EXCEPT that

Accepted Answer

A)  self-awareness can foster adherence to moral standards. 
B)  people always find self-focus aversive. 
C)  self-focus leads people to attend to discrepancies between their behavior and their standards. 
D)  people attempt to escape aversive self-awareness through activities such as drinking and watching television.

Question 10

According to research mentioned in this chapter, when children initially enjoyed a game, then were rewarded for it, how did they later behave after the reward was removed?

Accepted Answer

A)  They persisted at the game at baseline levels. 
B)  They persisted at the game as though there was a reward. 
C)  They completely ceased playing the game. 
D)  They gradually played the game less.

Question 11

According to the authors of your text, the overjustification effect is the tendency for people to view their behavior as caused by something

Accepted Answer

A)  extrinsic, thus undermining their intrinsic motivation. 
B)  intrinsic, thus overshadowing their extrinsic motivation. 
C)  overjustified by intrinsic motivation. 
D)  rewardable, but not punishable.

Question 12

Attempting to get others to see you as you want to be seen is the definition of

Accepted Answer

A) social comparison. 
B) self-awareness. 
C) looking-glass self. 
D) impression management.

Question 13

Which of the following is out of place?

Accepted Answer

A)  narcissism 
B)  loving oneself excessively 
C)  self-centered 
D)  concerned for other people

Question 14

Rosemary was invited to a dinner party by a colleague from her new job.Although she was told to arrive around 7:00, Rosemary made sure that she did not arrive before 7:30 so she would not appear overly eager.In which of the following strategies is Rosemary engaging?

Accepted Answer

A)  self-handicapping 
B)  ingratiation 
C)  impression management 
D)  social comparison

Question 15

Mrs.Hill has decided to provide her first-grade students with gold stars to reward them for reading.She has decided to use performance-contingent rewards.However, in using these, she must also be careful to ________ so that using the rewards does not backfire.

Accepted Answer

A)  avoid having the students compete with one another 
B)  encourage cooperation among students 
C)  encourage students to write about what they read 
D)  avoid making students tense about being evaluated

Question 16

While riding a harrowing rollercoaster, Jim notices that the person sitting next to him is extremely attractive and he resolves to get her phone number when the ride is over.Jim is probably doing this because he is

Accepted Answer

A)  misattributing his arousal from the rollercoaster ride to sexual attraction. 
B)  inferring a social compatibility based on mutual interest. 
C)  correctly inferring, based on introspection, that he is attracted to this person. 
D)  a real go-getter.

Question 17

Brittany knows she will need all the mental resources she has to focus on a speech she must give.Which of the following would be LEAST helpful in terms of increasing her self-regulatory resources?

Accepted Answer

A)  eating regular meals that day 
B)  not doing other mentally draining things that day 
C)  drinking a regular soda 
D)  also trying to quit smoking that day

Question 18

Complete the analogy: task-contingent rewards: ________ :: performance-contingent rewards: ________.

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation; extrinsic motivation 
B)  completed task; did well 
C)  assignment; exam 
D)  motivation; completion

Question 19

What is the logical consequence of possessing an independent self, taken to its extreme?

Accepted Answer

A)  intrinsic motivation 
B)  impression management 
C)  self-handicapping 
D)  narcissism

Question 20

Stanley Schachter's (1964) two-factor theory of emotion is both a biological and a social theory of emotion.Explain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Stanley Schachter's (1964) two-factor theory of emotion...

Exam 5: The Self: Understanding Ourselves in a Social Context