Which of the Following Statements Is True of Strategic Initiatives

Multiple Choice

Which of the following statements is true of strategic initiatives?

A) Strategic initiatives can be the result of a response to external trends or come from internal sources.
B) When lower-level employees are less empowered, the possibility of strategic initiatives is higher.
C) Strategic initiatives result from top-down planning by executives and not through a bottom-up process.
D) Random events and accidental happenstances reduce the possibility of strategic initiatives in organizations.