Question 1

According to the general theory of crime,deviance is the result of learning within small groups.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 2

According to Parnaby and Sacco's (2004)research on celebrity and strain,culture jamming is an example of Merton's "rebellion" mode of adaptation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

Explain how Emile Durkheim would likely answer the question,"Why do people engage in deviance?"

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain how Emile Durkheim would likely answer...

Question 4

Social control theorists claim that deviant behaviour is inherently unattractive,so strong motives for deviance must be learned before deviant behaviour will occur.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

How does Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory compare to Merton's strain theory?

Accepted Answer

A) strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to legitimate opportunities, but differential opportunity theory disagrees 
B) strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to legitimate opportunities, and differential opportunity theory agrees 
C) strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to illegitimate opportunities, but differential opportunity theory disagrees 
D) strain theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to illegitimate opportunities, and differential opportunity theory agrees 
E) differential opportunity theory proposes that there are structural differences in access to legitimate opportunities, but strain theory disagrees

Question 6

In the social sciences multiple theories exist simultaneously.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 7

Which function of deviance is served by collectively manufacturing an evil enemy image directed at "terrorists"?

Accepted Answer

A) helping society determine its moral boundaries 
B) reducing societal tensions by "letting off steam" 
C) increasing social solidarity 
D) testing society's boundaries 
E) preventing harm

Question 8

Lauritsen (1994)found that strain increases sexual activity among African-American females,but not among African-American males.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 9

Explain what Merton means when he says that the structure of society creates deviance.Describe the five modes of adaptation included in Merton's strain theory,and give an example of each,based upon the pursuit of fame and celebrity.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain what Merton means when he says...

Question 10

Deviance specialists who lean toward the more "objective" side of the objective-subjective continuum find interpretive theories to be the most useful in their analyses.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 11

Some individuals who download music illegally defend their actions by saying that the music industry makes more than enough profit from the pockets of consumers.Which technique of neutralization are these individuals using?

Accepted Answer

A) denial of injury 
B) denial of responsibility 
C) condemnation of the condemners 
D) denial of the victim 
E) appealing to higher loyalties

Question 12

Which of the following statements is a component of Sutherland's differential association theory?

Accepted Answer

A) television, music, and movies have a substantial impact on the learning of deviance 
B) large groups have more of an influence on the learning of deviance than small groups do 
C) the more important a particular group is to the individual, the greater the influence that group will have on the learning of deviance 
D) the skills needed for deviance are learned within groups, but the motives for deviance are derived from personality factors 
E) shorter periods of interaction have more of an influence on the learning of deviance than long periods of interaction do

Question 13

Which of the following statements about microanomie is true?

Accepted Answer

A) microanomie refers to a state wherein self-enhancement values are exceeded by self-transcendence values 
B) due to gender differences in socialization, females experience more microanomie than do males 
C) self-enhancement values include equality and social justice 
D) microanomie refers to a state wherein self-transcendence values are exceeded by self-enhancement values 
E) strain results in deviance only when accompanied by negative emotions, such as anger or depression

Question 14

According to social learning theory,what are the four sources of all behaviour and how can this lead to deviance?

Accepted Answer

The answer of According to social learning theory,what are the...

Question 15

The general theory of crime is also known as self-control theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

One of the weaknesses of Merton's strain theory,differential association theory,and Cohen's theory of status frustration is that they all traditionally identify deviance and criminality as lower-class phenomena.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

Modern research using Sykes and Matza's theory on the techniques of neutralization have mostly explored major forms of law breaking such as murder.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Which theory does not identify deviance and criminality as lower-class phenomena?

Accepted Answer

A) Merton's theory of strain 
B) differential opportunity theory 
C) Cohen's theory of status frustration 
D) Agnew's general strain theory 
E) Merton's theory of anomie

Question 19

In some communities in Russia today,there is a growing problem of substance abuse,due to

Accepted Answer

A) enhanced social cohesion under capitalism. 
B) greater moral regulation under capitalism. 
C) more freedom of travel across borders under capitalism. 
D) anomic disorder creating a greater demand for substances. 
E) the need to reduce societal tensions by "letting off steam."

Question 20

In his general strain theory,Agnew believes that these 3 things cause strain:

Accepted Answer

A) Unequal opportunities, status frustration and retreatism 
B) Not able to achieve goals, valued stimuli are presented and negative stimuli are removed 
C) Not able to achieve goals, valued stimuli are removed and negative stimuli are presented 
D) When innovated adaptations occur, status frustration and when a middle class measuring rod occurs

Exam 2: Explaining Deviance: the Act

According to the general theory of crime,deviance is the result of learning within small groups.

According to Parnaby and Sacco's (2004)research on celebrity and strain,culture jamming is an example of Merton's "rebellion" mode of adaptation.

Explain how Emile Durkheim would likely answer the question,"Why do people engage in deviance?"

Social control theorists claim that deviant behaviour is inherently unattractive,so strong motives for deviance must be learned before deviant behaviour will occur.

How does Cloward and Ohlin's differential opportunity theory compare to Merton's strain theory?

In the social sciences multiple theories exist simultaneously.

Which function of deviance is served by collectively manufacturing an evil enemy image directed at "terrorists"?

Lauritsen (1994)found that strain increases sexual activity among African-American females,but not among African-American males.

Explain what Merton means when he says that the structure of society creates deviance.Describe the five modes of adaptation included in Merton's strain theory,and give an example of each,based upon the pursuit of fame and celebrity.

Deviance specialists who lean toward the more "objective" side of the objective-subjective continuum find interpretive theories to be the most useful in their analyses.

Some individuals who download music illegally defend their actions by saying that the music industry makes more than enough profit from the pockets of consumers.Which technique of neutralization are these individuals using?

Which of the following statements is a component of Sutherland's differential association theory?

Which of the following statements about microanomie is true?

According to social learning theory,what are the four sources of all behaviour and how can this lead to deviance?

The general theory of crime is also known as self-control theory.

One of the weaknesses of Merton's strain theory,differential association theory,and Cohen's theory of status frustration is that they all traditionally identify deviance and criminality as lower-class phenomena.

Modern research using Sykes and Matza's theory on the techniques of neutralization have mostly explored major forms of law breaking such as murder.

Which theory does not identify deviance and criminality as lower-class phenomena?

In some communities in Russia today,there is a growing problem of substance abuse,due to

In his general strain theory,Agnew believes that these 3 things cause strain: