Question 1

A reduced ability to sustain attention has been found among 5-year-olds who

Accepted Answer

A)  have attended preschool. 
B)  come from large families. 
C)  come from low-income families. 
D)  no longer take naps.

Question 2

Children do not develop the ability to think logically and abstractly until they reach the stage of

Accepted Answer

A)  conventional operations. 
B)  concrete operations. 
C)  formal operations. 
D)  postformal operations.

Question 3

One of the principles of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that intelligence is an active and constructive process.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 4

Both Piaget's theory and Vygotsky's theory subscribe to a constructivist view of learning.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

What is infantile amnesia? Describe at least two different theories for why people experience infantile amnesia.

Accepted Answer

The answer of What is infantile amnesia? Describe at least...

Question 6

The ability to analyze and try to bring together contradictory thoughts and emotions does not appear until the stage of

Accepted Answer

A)  concrete operations. 
B)  hypothetico-deductive reasoning. 
C)  formal operations. 
D)  postformal or dialectical thinking.

Question 7

In one experiment with 4-month-old infants, babies saw a toy placed behind a screen and then the screen tipped backwards. Some infants saw the screen stop when it hit the toy (as they would expect), but other saw the screen tip all the way backwards as though the screen was going right through the toy. These infants

Accepted Answer

A)  appeared distressed by the event and cried because the toy wasn't there. 
B)  turned away from the event and refused to look at the screen again. 
C)  looked considerably longer at the event than infants who saw the screen tip backwards but the toy stopped the fall of the screen. 
D)  tried to get out of their seats so they could explore the screen and the toy.

Question 8

Piaget's theory of cognitive development portrays children as

Accepted Answer

A)  passive recipients of knowledge for whom language shapes thought. 
B)  actively constructing their knowledge within a social, cultural and historical setting. 
C)  passive recipients of knowledge because basic information is present from birth. 
D)  actively constructing their knowledge based on the child's own interactions with the environment, and the use of language to express thought.

Question 9

The memory strategy that involves creating extra connections that tie the information together is called

Accepted Answer

A)  rehearsal. 
B)  repetition. 
C)  eidetic memory. 
D)  elaboration.

Question 10

During adolescence, the belief known as the ________________ can place the young person at risk because it has been associated with a willingness to take risks.

Accepted Answer

A)  imaginary audience 
B)  animism myth 
C)  personal fable 
D)  reversibility ideation

Question 11

______________________ theory says that brain function is central to cognitive development but innate knowledge is not.

Accepted Answer

A)  Piaget's genetic epistemology 
B)  Core knowledge 
C)  Vygotsky's sociocultural 
D)  Information processing

Question 12

Two aspects of cognitive functioning that affect attention are processing speed and automaticity. Describe what these are and how they change with development.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Two aspects of cognitive functioning that affect...

Question 13

Intuitive thought is a type of reasoning in which children

Accepted Answer

A)  cannot see the world from another's point of view. 
B)  begin with a general case, and reason down to a specific instance. 
C)  begin to put together logical explanations but are still influenced more by what they perceive than by logical reasoning. 
D)  begin with a set of specific instances and reason up to a general conclusion.

Question 14

Piaget's description of his second stage of cognitive abilities focuses on the limitations of children's thought at this age.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

If you ask a child to watch you as you take one of two identical balls of clay and roll that ball into a clay snake, and the child then thinks there is more clay in the snake because it is longer than the other ball, the child has

Accepted Answer

A)  used transductive reasoning to frame their answer. 
B)  centered on only one aspect of the situation (the length) and ignored other aspects (the height or diameter). 
C)  attributed a characteristic of a living organism to the clay snake. 
D)  failed to store the image of the identical balls of clay in their memory.

Question 16

Research on the effectiveness of the treatments used for children with ADHD has found that

Accepted Answer

A)  stimulants such as Ritalin are effective in increasing attention and reducing problem behaviors for many children. 
B)  diet modification that eliminates sugar, food dyes, and additives is as effective, or more effective, than medications. 
C)  teaching parents more effective parenting strategies is usually enough to rectify the child's behavioral problems. 
D)  a combination of anti-depressants and anti-psychotic medication is the most effective approach.

Question 17

In Vygotsky's theory, the amount and type of help that a skilled adult or peer provides to a child is called

Accepted Answer

A)  knowledge building. 
B)  social speech. 
C)  a cognitive scheme. 
D)  scaffolding.

Question 18

Piaget's theory says that there are qualitative differences in how children think that reflect their developmental level.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

As we build our knowledge base on a particular topic, we find that

Accepted Answer

A)  it becomes increasingly difficult for us to add new information to that knowledge base. 
B)  the new information that we encounter creates contradictions that we must resolve. 
C)  it requires more and more processing capacity to maintain the base. 
D)  it becomes easier to remember new information related to that topic.

Question 20

In Vygotsky's theory, the cognitive abilities that are in the process of forming and which a child can demonstrate with a little help is called the

Accepted Answer

A)  scaffolding zone. 
B)  zone of proximal development. 
C)  zone of knowledge. 
D)  cognitive zone.

Exam 7: Cognitive Development

A reduced ability to sustain attention has been found among 5-year-olds who

Children do not develop the ability to think logically and abstractly until they reach the stage of

One of the principles of Piaget's theory of cognitive development is that intelligence is an active and constructive process.

Both Piaget's theory and Vygotsky's theory subscribe to a constructivist view of learning.

What is infantile amnesia? Describe at least two different theories for why people experience infantile amnesia.

The ability to analyze and try to bring together contradictory thoughts and emotions does not appear until the stage of

Piaget's theory of cognitive development portrays children as

The memory strategy that involves creating extra connections that tie the information together is called

During adolescence, the belief known as the ________________ can place the young person at risk because it has been associated with a willingness to take risks.

______________________ theory says that brain function is central to cognitive development but innate knowledge is not.

Two aspects of cognitive functioning that affect attention are processing speed and automaticity. Describe what these are and how they change with development.

Intuitive thought is a type of reasoning in which children

Piaget's description of his second stage of cognitive abilities focuses on the limitations of children's thought at this age.

If you ask a child to watch you as you take one of two identical balls of clay and roll that ball into a clay snake, and the child then thinks there is more clay in the snake because it is longer than the other ball, the child has

Research on the effectiveness of the treatments used for children with ADHD has found that

In Vygotsky's theory, the amount and type of help that a skilled adult or peer provides to a child is called

Piaget's theory says that there are qualitative differences in how children think that reflect their developmental level.

As we build our knowledge base on a particular topic, we find that

In Vygotsky's theory, the cognitive abilities that are in the process of forming and which a child can demonstrate with a little help is called the