Question 1

Tom rarely acts nervous in strange situations and pays little attention to whether his mother is present or absent. Tom would most likely be classified as having a(n) ______ attachment pattern.

Accepted Answer

A) secure 
B) ambivalent 
C) avoidant 
D) hard-to-classify

Question 2

A 4-year-old child is shown a row of seven red checkers. He is asked to place a black checker immediately above each red one. By doing so, the child agrees that there are as many red as black checkers. The experimenter then spreads out the black checkers so that the line they form is longer than the one formed by the red checkers. The experimenter asks whether there are more red checkers or more black checkers in order to determine whether the child understands:

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) reversibility. 
C) conservation. 
D) abstract thinking.

Question 3

Nadine hears a television talk-show guest remark that "A baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." She immediately realizes that this statement is False, because she is familiar with:

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's investigations of conservation. 
B) Lorenz's imprinting studies. 
C) Ainsworth's "strange situation" studies. 
D) Harlow's work with monkeys.

Question 4

Dr. Babineaux asks a sample of 8-year-old children to complete measures of several personality traits. When the same children are 14 years old, she asks them to complete measures of the same traits. Dr. Babineaux then computes correlation coefficients between the two sets of measures. Her results are most relevant to the _____ discussion.

Accepted Answer

A) stages or continuity 
B) environment or heredity 
C) stability or change 
D) free will or determinism

Question 5

Twelve-year-old Nathaniel was having trouble solving the word problems in his math homework. His dad began reading the problems aloud and emphasizing the important information. As Nathaniel started catching on, his dad gradually provided less help for each new problem. This interaction illustrates:

Accepted Answer

A) Piaget's concept of conservation. 
B) Erikson's concept of industry versus inferiority. 
C) Piaget's concept of concrete operational thought. 
D) Vygotsky's concept of scaffolding.

Question 6

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which upper-level psychology course should she consider taking next semester?

Accepted Answer

A) biological psychology 
B) developmental psychology 
C) learning 
D) cognitive psychology

Question 7

Children are considered to be fluent in their native language by the time they are _____ years of age.

Accepted Answer

A) 2-3 
B) 4-5 
C) 5-6 
D) 7-8

Question 8

Lily is investigating variables potentially associated with bullying among school-aged children. In 2013, she selected three samples of children: a group of 9-year-olds, a group of 11-year-olds, and a group-of 13-year-olds. She interviewed the children and asked them to complete several questionnaires. Lily anticipates repeating the procedure with the same children in 2015 and in 2017. Lily's study exemplifies a _____ research design.

Accepted Answer

A) longitudinal 
B) cross-sectional 
C) cross-sequential 
D) multi-cohort

Question 9

Temperament refers to behavior patterns and emotional reactions that are largely innate.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in 1 minute. Aditi is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is completing a test of _____ intelligence, whereas Aditi is completing a test of _____ intelligence.

Accepted Answer

A) fluid; crystallized 
B) semantic; fluid 
C) crystallized; fluid 
D) crystallized; abstract

Question 11

Erikson's theory was based on case studies. This means that the theory was based on:

Accepted Answer

A) questionnaires completed by large samples of participants. 
B) extensive observations of people in their everyday environments. 
C) intensive studies of individuals or small groups of people. 
D) laboratory studies involving the manipulation of variables.

Question 12

A ban is imposed on outdoor watering during a severe drought. The Robinsons decide not to water their new shrubs because the neighbors would disapprove. Their reasoning places them at which of Kohlberg's levels?

Accepted Answer

A) preconventional 
B) postconventional 
C) unconventional 
D) conventional

Question 13

As identical twins get older, their observable characteristics become increasingly dissimilar, whereas their genetic makeup remains the same. In other words, their _____ changes, whereas their _____ does not.

Accepted Answer

A) dominant gene; recessive gene 
B) recessive gene; dominant gene 
C) genotype; phenotype 
D) phenotype; genotype

Question 14

Chomsky's language acquisition device is supported by the fact that children across the world learn language in a fixed, universal sequence.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

According to Piaget, adolescents are in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

Accepted Answer

A) sensorimotor 
B) formal operational 
C) concrete operational 
D) preoperational

Question 16

When an infant recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer in sight, the infant has attained what Piaget termed:

Accepted Answer

A) object permanence. 
B) conservation. 
C) formal operations. 
D) reversibility.

Question 17

Approximately 65% of infants are securely attached.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 18

Four-year-old Darlene is exploring one day when she finds a bottle of vitamins in a cupboard. They look just like the candies she got for Halloween so she eats them all. Darlene's error illustrates Piaget's process of:

Accepted Answer

A) conservation. 
B) accommodation. 
C) assimilation. 
D) egocentrism.

Question 19

Mary Ainsworth devised the "strange situation" to assess:

Accepted Answer

A) temperament. 
B) attachment. 
C) moral reasoning. 
D) parenting style.

Exam 8: Cognition, Language, and Intelligence

Tom rarely acts nervous in strange situations and pays little attention to whether his mother is present or absent. Tom would most likely be classified as having a(n) ______ attachment pattern.

Nadine hears a television talk-show guest remark that "A baby's mother provides it with food, and that's the basis for attachment." She immediately realizes that this statement is False, because she is familiar with:

Twelve-year-old Nathaniel was having trouble solving the word problems in his math homework. His dad began reading the problems aloud and emphasizing the important information. As Nathaniel started catching on, his dad gradually provided less help for each new problem. This interaction illustrates:

An introductory psychology student expresses an interest in growth and change during childhood and adolescence. Which upper-level psychology course should she consider taking next semester?

Children are considered to be fluent in their native language by the time they are _____ years of age.

Temperament refers to behavior patterns and emotional reactions that are largely innate.

Jody is completing a test in which she has to name as many state capitals as she can in 1 minute. Aditi is trying to complete analogies between pairs of abstract diagrams. Jody is completing a test of _ intelligence, whereas Aditi is completing a test of _ intelligence.

Erikson's theory was based on case studies. This means that the theory was based on:

A ban is imposed on outdoor watering during a severe drought. The Robinsons decide not to water their new shrubs because the neighbors would disapprove. Their reasoning places them at which of Kohlberg's levels?

As identical twins get older, their observable characteristics become increasingly dissimilar, whereas their genetic makeup remains the same. In other words, their _ changes, whereas their _ does not.

Chomsky's language acquisition device is supported by the fact that children across the world learn language in a fixed, universal sequence.

According to Piaget, adolescents are in the _____ stage of cognitive development.

When an infant recognizes that objects continue to exist even when they are no longer in sight, the infant has attained what Piaget termed:

Approximately 65% of infants are securely attached.

Four-year-old Darlene is exploring one day when she finds a bottle of vitamins in a cupboard. They look just like the candies she got for Halloween so she eats them all. Darlene's error illustrates Piaget's process of:

Mary Ainsworth devised the "strange situation" to assess: