Question 1

One's skin color is controlled by the expression of many genes working together in combination.Thus,skin color is a __________ characteristic.

Accepted Answer

A)  dominant 
B)  recessive 
C)  polygenic 
D)  sex-linked

Question 2

Martha is planning on enrolling her young son in "The Wee Care Learning Center" day care in town,which has been owned and staffed for the last six years by five former elementary teachers.According to research discussed in the textbook,which of the following can Martha expect concerning the effects of the day care on her son?

Accepted Answer

A)  The day care experience will weaken her son's attachment to her. 
B)  Her son will begin to exhibit behavior problems that he did not previously have. 
C)  Her son will experience increases in social and cognitive skills. 
D)  Her son's language skills will decrease.

Question 3

Maturation is defined as the

Accepted Answer

A)  physical growth and development of the body, brain, and nervous system. 
B)  organism's ability to adapt to changing conditions. 
C)  sum of all the external conditions affecting development. 
D)  transmission of physical and psychological characteristics from parent to offspring.

Question 4

Which combination could produce a blue-eyed child?

Accepted Answer

A)  The father is brown-eyed, and the mother is blue-eyed. 
B)  The father is blue-eyed, and the mother is brown-eyed. 
C)  Both father and mother are brown-eyed. 
D)  Each of these could produce a blue-eyed child.

Question 5

Which of the following statements best describes the capabilities of the neonate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Neonates can lift their heads and completely turn over. 
B)  Neonates are unresponsive to pain and touch. 
C)  Neonates have less acute senses, but are very responsive. 
D)  Neonates have very acute senses, but are not yet responsive.

Question 6

Harlow's studies of surrogate monkey mothers showed that

Accepted Answer

A)  infant monkeys preferred the terry cloth surrogate only when it was the source of food. 
B)  the wire surrogate was preferred because of its association with food. 
C)  when frightened, the infant monkeys ran to the terry cloth surrogates for security and comfort. 
D)  the attachment shown to the wire feeding mothers was identical to that displayed toward real monkey mothers.

Question 7

According to Izard and other emotional researchers,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Izard believes that emotions are "hard-wired" by heredity and related to evolution. 
B)  Smiling is one of a baby's most common reactions. 
C)  Smiling probably helps babies survive by inviting parents to care for them. 
D)  Izard believes that infants can express several basic emotions as early as two weeks of age.

Question 8

Abby's mother leaves the room.When her mother returns,Abby runs to greet her mother.However,when her mother reaches to pick her up,Abby pulls away and screams out "no." According to Mary Ainsworth's research,Abby is exhibiting a(n)

Accepted Answer

A)  secure attachment. 
B)  insecure-ambivalent attachment. 
C)  insecure-avoidant attachment. 
D)  separation anxiety disorder.

Question 9

The overall pattern of physical development from conception to death is known as the

Accepted Answer

A)  human growth sequence. 
B)  senescence pattern. 
C)  adaptation sequence. 
D)  zone of proximal development.

Question 10

Sensitive periods in development

Accepted Answer

A)  usually involve crises and conflict. 
B)  are almost always characterized by emotional upheaval. 
C)  dramatic but temporary changes in behavior. 
D)  can permanently alter the course of development.

Question 11

Which of the following is considered a congenital problem?

Accepted Answer

A)  fetal alcohol syndrome 
B)  sickle-cell anemia 
C)  hemophilia 
D)  muscular dystrophy

Question 12

Poverty is to deprivation as early childhood stimulation is to

Accepted Answer

A)  imprinting. 
B)  enrichment. 
C)  assimilation. 
D)  vicarious learning.

Question 13

Regarding the visual perception of babies,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Just hours after they are born, babies begin to prefer seeing their mother's face rather than a stranger's. 
B)  At six months old, babies are able to recognize categories of objects that differ in shape or color. 
C)  At age seven months, babies are able to see as well as their parents. 
D)  At nine months old, babies are able to tell the difference between dogs and birds or other groups of animals.

Question 14

Regarding emotional attachment,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  A mother usually does not feel attached to her baby until the baby is around two months old. 
B)  For the first couple of months, babies respond more or less equally to everyone. 
C)  By two or three months, most babies prefer their mothers to strangers. 
D)  By around seven months, babies generally become truly attached to their mothers, crawling after her if they can.

Question 15

Which of the following is an adaptive infant reflex that is elicited by pressing an object into the neonate's palm and aids the neonate's survival by helping him or her to avoid falling?

Accepted Answer

A)  Moro reflex 
B)  rooting reflex 
C)  Babinski reflex 
D)  grasping reflex

Question 16

Regarding the basic human emotions,which of the following statements is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  The basic human emotions follow a pattern closely tied to maturation. 
B)  The basic human emotions appear to be unlearned. 
C)  According to Bridges, all the basic human emotions appear before age two. 
D)  Most researchers who study emotional development believe that anger is the only basic emotion that newborn infants clearly express.

Question 17

The concept of a dynamic interaction between parents and children is best illustrated by the fact that babies

Accepted Answer

A)  control their own development. 
B)  are active participants in their development. 
C)  are controlled in their development by parents. 
D)  control their physical but not social development.

Question 18

Carmen has often felt misunderstood and unappreciated in her relationships and even believes her boyfriend and friends to be somewhat unreliable.She would love to feel closer to her them but cannot bring herself to trust them.According to the research on adult attachment style,Carmen would be described as having a(n)__________ attachment style.

Accepted Answer

A)  ambivalent 
B)  avoidant 
C)  secure 
D)  independent

Question 19

Miguel is a newborn.If he is like a majority of infants,the only clearly expressed emotion that he will display is

Accepted Answer

A)  sadness. 
B)  general excitement. 
C)  joy. 
D)  anger.

Question 20

To investigate mother-infant relationships,Harry Harlow

Accepted Answer

A)  observed how rats care for their young in crowded environments. 
B)  used the stranger situation with human mothers and their infants. 
C)  observed whether mothers could coax their infants to crawl across the visual cliff. 
D)  separated baby rhesus monkeys from their mothers at birth and replaced them with wire and terry cloth surrogate mothers.

Exam 3: A: Human Development