Question 1

Most older children and adults exhibit moral reasoning at which level of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  preconventional 
B)  conventional 
C)  postconventional 
D)  postformal

Question 2

Erikson termed the conflicts one experiences between personal impulses and the social world

Accepted Answer

A)  developmental milestones. 
B)  psychosocial dilemmas. 
C)  moral dilemmas. 
D)  developmental tasks.

Question 3

Jeb is finishing high school,and he does not know whether he wants to go to college or get a job.Rather than explore the options,he chooses to stay home during the summer and watch television.Erikson would say that Jeb is exhibiting

Accepted Answer

A)  shame and doubt. 
B)  despair. 
C)  role confusion. 
D)  stagnation.

Question 4

If a person fails to develop a sense of integrity and self-respect in later adulthood,feelings of which of the following tend to result?

Accepted Answer

A)  despair 
B)  isolation 
C)  mistrust 
D)  stagnation

Question 5

When communicating with one's children,Thomas Gordon suggests that parents use

Accepted Answer

A)  power assertive techniques. 
B)  a withdrawal of love. 
C)  I-messages. 
D)  you-messages.

Question 6

Margaret and Jason have chosen to use punishment with their two children.In which of the following situations did they follow the guidelines for using physical punishment?

Accepted Answer

A)  They spank one-year-old Amy. 
B)  They spank four-year-old Kyle. 
C)  They always tell the children, "You have been very bad" before they spank them. 
D)  All of these are considered appropriate, according to the guidelines.

Question 7

Melissa is often described by her teacher as a "model" child or unusually "good." However,she also tends to be somewhat insecure,anxious,and dependent on adults for approval.According to the research on child discipline techniques,Melissa's parents are most likely using which discipline approach?

Accepted Answer

A)  power assertion 
B)  withdrawal of love 
C)  management techniques 
D)  overly permissive

Question 8

Which of the following is NOT a way that generativity can be expressed?

Accepted Answer

A)  through productive or creative work 
B)  by guiding one's own children or helping other children as a teacher or a coach. 
C)  as a concern for the welfare of others and society as a whole. 
D)  through a concern with one's own needs and comforts

Question 9

Resolving the psychosocial dilemma at each stage

Accepted Answer

A)  creates a new balance between a person and society. 
B)  restores the balance between the id and ego. 
C)  signals a new stage of cognitive development. 
D)  makes it harder for the person to deal with later crises.

Question 10

Many modern parents in their attempts to empower their children imposed few limits on their behavior and tried to make the children feel "special." These children tended to do all of the following EXCEPT

Accepted Answer

A)  placing excessive importance on being physically attractive. 
B)  bullying other children who get their way or even engaging in criminal activity. 
C)  becoming addicted to seeking ways to enhance their self-esteem. 
D)  showing a fear and hatred of parents, and a lack of spontaneity.

Question 11

Because she does not want to "spoil" her new baby,Theresa feeds and takes care of her baby's physical needs when she thinks the baby needs the care,not when the baby cries to indicate his needs.If Theresa continues caring for the baby in this way,the baby is likely to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  trust. 
B)  mistrust. 
C)  autonomy. 
D)  shame and doubt.

Question 12

Which style of parenting is most likely to produce spoiled,self-indulgent children who have little self-control?

Accepted Answer

A)  authoritative 
B)  power assertive 
C)  overly permissive 
D)  authoritarian

Question 13

A child who is just starting school and trying to develop learning skills is in Erikson's stage called

Accepted Answer

A)  initiative versus guilt. 
B)  industry versus inferiority. 
C)  generativity versus stagnation. 
D)  integrity versus despair.

Question 14

Elaine and Jeffery have been married for five years.Elaine spends her time taking care of their two-year-old son,while Jeffery spends his time watching television or going out "with the guys." She and Jeffery do not share any common interests,and they seldom talk to each other except about their son.Erikson would say that Elaine is experiencing

Accepted Answer

A)  mistrust. 
B)  isolation. 
C)  inferiority. 
D)  despair.

Question 15

Gerald is 75 years old and finds that he has some difficulty with speedy decision-making,but he often surprises his grandchildren by relating a storehouse of facts from long-term memory.This ability to retrieve stored facts illustrates

Accepted Answer

A)  crystallized abilities. 
B)  fluid abilities. 
C)  scaffolding. 
D)  intuition.

Question 16

Which of the following psychologists is known for developing a theory of moral development?

Accepted Answer

A)  Lev Vygotsky 
B)  Erik Erikson 
C)  Lawrence Kohlberg 
D)  Harry Harlow

Question 17

Career difficulties and unemployment can pose serious challenges to adult well-being not only because of financial pressures but also because many adults derive which of the following from their work?

Accepted Answer

A)  friendships. 
B)  identity. 
C)  creativity 
D)  structure and stability.

Question 18

As death draws near,the person begins to recognize that death cannot be prevented and that he or she will be separated from friends,loved ones,and the familiar routines of life.This fourth stage of impending death is

Accepted Answer

A)  anger 
B)  denial and isolation 
C)  bargaining 
D)  depression

Question 19

Talia is 17 years old and is dealing with her conflicting experiences as a student,friend,athlete,worker,daughter,and girlfriend.In the next few years,Talia must integrate these experiences into a unified sense of self.According to Erikson,Talia is experiencing which psychosocial dilemma?

Accepted Answer

A)  autonomy versus shame and doubt 
B)  initiative versus guilt 
C)  industry versus inferiority 
D)  identity versus role confusion

Question 20

If her parents encourage little Tanya to ask questions,to use her imagination,and give her the freedom to choose activities,according to Erikson,they are encouraging Tanya to develop

Accepted Answer

A)  industry. 
B)  identity. 
C)  generativity. 
D)  initiative.

Exam 3: C: Human Development