Question 1

The process by which memories are reconstructed or expanded by starting with one memory and then following chains of associations to other,related memories is called

Accepted Answer

A)  chunking. 
B)  parallel processing. 
C)  redintegration. 
D)  mnemonic coding.

Question 2

In a study of memory,students who could not remember words like "sextant" or "sampan" could often guess the first letter and number of syllables.This demonstrates

Accepted Answer

A)  eidetic imagery. 
B)  redintegration. 
C)  repression. 
D)  the tip-of-the-tongue state.

Question 3

To keep a phone number active in their minds while inputting the numbers into their cell phones,most people use

Accepted Answer

A)  proactive cueing. 
B)  maintenance rehearsal. 
C)  elaborative processing. 
D)  redintegration.

Question 4

According to economist Jesse Shapiro,every extra commercial you view adds one more positive memory of that product to your long-term memory,thus increasing your positive impression of this product.Shapiro refers to this as

Accepted Answer

A)  "memory jamming." 
B)  "priming" implicit memories. 
C)  the serial position effect. 
D)  flashbulb memories.

Question 5

When you need information stored in computer files,you select the file and open it.When you need information from your long-term memory,you utilize the memory process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  retrieval. 
B)  encoding. 
C)  iconic processing. 
D)  dishabituation.

Question 6

The experiment by Peterson and Peterson that required subjects to count backwards after hearing a number demonstrates the

Accepted Answer

A)  importance of rehearsal for short-term memory. 
B)  role of the relevance of information to memory. 
C)  superiority of short-term memory over long-term memory. 
D)  importance of chunking in memory.

Question 7

The average number of "bits" of information that short-term memory can usually handle is what Psychologist George Miller called the "magic" __________ (plus or minus two).

Accepted Answer

A)  three 
B)  six 
C)  seven 
D)  nine

Question 8

Regarding the availability of memories,which of the following statement is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  Whether you have "remembered" something depends on how you were tested. 
B)  The feeling that a memory is available but not quite retrievable is known as the déjà vu state. 
C)  Having partial memories is common. 
D)  The fact that people can often tell beforehand if they are likely to remember something is an example of partial memory known as the feeling of knowing.

Question 9

Sydney would be described as having a wealth of knowledge.She is constantly reading about many diverse subjects.Heather has not read a book since her senior year in college and rarely watches the news to keep up with national or international events.Regarding the research on memory,we would expect

Accepted Answer

A)  Sydney will find it easier than Heather to add new information to memory. 
B)  Heather will find it easier than Sydney to add new information to memory. 
C)  both women to be able to add new information to memory equally well. 
D)  Sydney more likely to develop Alzheimer's disease or other forms of dementia.

Question 10

Memories elicited by the electrical stimulation of the brain suggest that

Accepted Answer

A)  some brain areas when activated seem to produce vivid memories of long-forgotten events. 
B)  only recent memories can be electrically triggered. 
C)  every experience a person has ever had is permanently recorded in memory. 
D)  long-term memory disruption is caused by this procedure.

Question 11

After appearing live on Australian television,memory expert Donald Thomson was accused of rape.It turns out that the victim was watching him on TV when the actual rapist broke into her apartment.This tragic case of mistaken identity was due to

Accepted Answer

A)  source confusion. 
B)  encoding failure. 
C)  retroactive suppression. 
D)  "memory jamming."

Question 12

A subpart of declarative memories that has no connections with times or places so that people do not remember when and where they learned these specific facts are referred to as ___________ memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  procedural 
B)  semantic 
C)  episodic 
D)  eidetic

Question 13

You are being introduced to a stranger,and you want to remember his or her name.Which of the following statements regrading this situation is FALSE?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is important to pay careful attention to the person's name, so that selective attention can move the name to short-term memory. 
B)  After hearing the name, repeat the name to yourself several times and then use the person's name in the next sentence or two that you say to this person. 
C)  If the name slips out of your short-term memory, you can recover it through redintegration. 
D)  If the name slips out of your short-term memory, it will be gone forever.

Question 14

Memories of historical fact,such as the names of the battles during the Civil War or mathematical formulas would be considered __________ memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  episodic 
B)  procedural 
C)  semantic 
D)  skill

Question 15

A person is able to move information to the second memory stage by focusing on a selected portion of a sensory input,a process known as

Accepted Answer

A)  selective attention 
B)  constructive processing. 
C)  priming. 
D)  consolidation.

Question 16

While studying,it is important to find ways to link two,three,or more separate facts or ideas into larger chunks in order to improve one's __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  eidetic 
B)  episodic 
C)  short-term 
D)  sensory

Question 17

Which of the following would be considered an episodic memory?

Accepted Answer

A)  remembering the multiplication tables 
B)  knowing who is the current president of the U.S. 
C)  remembering the accident you saw three weeks ago 
D)  knowing who the "Father of Psychology" is

Question 18

Because of the way in which information is encoded in long-term memory,if you were attempting to recall the word barn from a memorized list,which word are you most likely to mistakenly say?

Accepted Answer

A)  darn 
B)  shed 
C)  yarn 
D)  house

Question 19

Often,memories appear to be available but simply cannot be accessed.This is known as

Accepted Answer

A)  the tip-of-the-tongue state. 
B)  sensory memory failure. 
C)  engram decay. 
D)  the savings score.

Question 20

Your son buys a used car that has a standard five-speed stick shift.Although you have only driven cars with automatic transmissions in the last several years,you are able to shift the gears in your son's car with relative ease.This ability to still use the clutch and shift gears on your son's car illustrates __________ memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  semantic 
B)  declarative 
C)  episodic 
D)  procedural

Exam 7: A: Memory