Question 1

In response to nervous system injury, neurotrophins ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  cause the neuron's death 
B)  reduce inflammation due to this injury 
C)  increase regrowth of damaged axons 
D)  promote apoptosis

Question 2

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  parallel fibers 
B)  intrinsic cells 
C)  stem cells 
D)  glomeruli

Question 3

Humans may have been able to evolve such big brains without sacrificing other functions because of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  exercise 
B)  mutations 
C)  deletions 
D)  diet

Question 4

The most common cause of brain damage in children is closed head injury.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 5

A mother is homozygous for tasting PTC. The father is a homozygous non-taster. What is the chance that they will have a child that is a non-taster? Explain how you arrived at your answer.

Accepted Answer

The answer of  A mother is homozygous for tasting PTC....

Question 6

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and "a" is a recessive gene for the inability to taste it. Which couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?

Accepted Answer

A)  father AA, mother aa 
B)  father Aa, mother AA 
C)  father Aa, mother Aa 
D)  father AA, mother AA

Question 7

Henrietta cannot overcome her alcohol addiction even though she is pregnant. What will likely be the outcome for the baby? What symptoms will the child likely experience?

Accepted Answer

The answer of  Henrietta cannot overcome her alcohol addiction even...

Question 8

At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  increase the branching of axons 
B)  cause the neuron's death 
C)  become converted into myelin 
D)  connect the axon to axons of adjoining cells

Question 9

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  chromosomes 
B)  RNA 
C)  Proteins 
D)  carbohydrates

Question 10

Chemicals known as ____ and ____ guide neuron migration.

Accepted Answer

A)  immunoglobulins; sodium 
B)  glia; neurothrophins 
C)  immunoglobulins; chemokines 
D)  chemokines; neurothrophins

Question 11

Which pair of sex chromosomes is found in a normal male mammal?

Accepted Answer

A)  XX 
B)  XY 
C)  YY 
D)  YZ

Question 12

Evolution improves the fitness of the population, which is evolutionarily defined as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  the number of copies of one's genes that endure in later generations 
B)  survival of the individual 
C)  ability to adapt to a variety of environments 
D)  overall health and well-being

Question 13

Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 14

Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

Accepted Answer

A)  DNA to proteins to RNA 
B)  DNA to RNA to proteins 
C)  Proteins to DNA to RNA 
D)  RNA to DNA to proteins

Question 15

For natural selection to generate evolutionary change in a population ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  there need not be any differences in the traits of individuals in that population 
B)  the change in gene frequencies must help the species in the long run 
C)  the differences must have a hereditary basis 
D)  the change in gene frequencies will probably be harmful to the species

Question 16

The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  natural selection 
B)  evolution 
C)  survival of the fittest 
D)  neural Darwinism

Question 17

Early in development, the nervous system begins as a ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  tube surrounding a fluid-filled cavity 
B)  spherical structure in the center of the embryo 
C)  diffuse system of cells scattered throughout the body 
D)  single layer of cells covering the heart and other internal organs

Question 18

To determine the contributions of heredity and environment, researchers rely mainly on studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Proliferation is the ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  production of new cells 
B)  movement of primitive neurons and glia 
C)  formation of dendrites and an axon 
D)  insulation process that occurs on some axons

Question 20

An autosomal gene is a gene ____.

Accepted Answer

A)  on the X chromosome 
B)  on the Y chromosome 
C)  on any chromosome other than the X or Y chromosome 
D)  that shows no evidence of crossing over

Exam 4: Genetics, Evolution, Development, and Plasticity

In response to nervous system injury, neurotrophins ____.

Brain cells that are neither neurons nor glia, but which are capable of dividing and then differentiating into neurons or glia, are called ____.

Humans may have been able to evolve such big brains without sacrificing other functions because of ____.

The most common cause of brain damage in children is closed head injury.

A mother is homozygous for tasting PTC. The father is a homozygous non-taster. What is the chance that they will have a child that is a non-taster? Explain how you arrived at your answer.

Suppose "A" is a dominant gene for the ability to taste phenylthiocarbamide (PTC) and "a" is a recessive gene for the inability to taste it. Which couples could possibly have both a child who tastes it and a child who does not?

Henrietta cannot overcome her alcohol addiction even though she is pregnant. What will likely be the outcome for the baby? What symptoms will the child likely experience?

At later stages of the neuron's development, neurotrophins ____.

A strand of DNA serves as a template (model) for the synthesis of ____.

Chemicals known as and guide neuron migration.

Which pair of sex chromosomes is found in a normal male mammal?

Evolution improves the fitness of the population, which is evolutionarily defined as ____.

Recent evidence suggests that phantom limb pain is caused by sensations coming from the stump of the amputated limb.

Chemically, what is the route from genes to their expression?

For natural selection to generate evolutionary change in a population ____.

The concept that neurons refine their many connections based on which ones are most successful is known as ____.

Early in development, the nervous system begins as a ____.

To determine the contributions of heredity and environment, researchers rely mainly on studies of monozygotic and dizygotic twins.

Proliferation is the ____.

An autosomal gene is a gene ____.