Question 1

__________ seeks to reduce criminal activity by instilling a fear of punishment in the general public.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Retribution 
B)  ​Incapacitation 
C)  ​Rehabilitation 
D)  Deterrence

Question 2

Define punishment, state the four functions of punishment, and explain the restorative justice perspective.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define punishment, state the four functions of...

Question 3

During the mid-1970s, advocates of __________ theory predicted that women's crime rates would increase significantly as a result of the women's liberation movement.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​emancipation 
B)  ​functionalist 
C)  ​critical 
D)  ​symbolic interaction

Question 4

When a label of deviance is based on a person's intentional or inadvertent actions it is considered __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​conditional 
B)  ​cultural 
C)  ​behavioral 
D)  ​conformist

Question 5

__________ refers to a violation of law or the commission of a status offense (such as cutting school or running away from home) by young people.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Juvenile delinquency 
B)  ​Truancy 
C)  ​Youthful misconduct 
D)  ​Crime

Question 6

According to Merton's __________ theory, people feel tension when they are exposed to cultural goals that they are unable to obtain because they do not have access to culturally approved means of achieving those goals.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​opportunity 
B)  ​conflict 
C)  ​developmental 
D)  ​strain

Question 7

Explain Merton's strain theory and compare it with Cloward and Ohlin's opportunity theory.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Explain Merton's strain theory and compare it...

Question 8

A socioeconomically disadvantaged teenager decides that she must resort to crime in order to buy some clothes she wants. This teenager's behavior is an example of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​innovation 
B)  ​retreatism 
C)  ​rebellion 
D)  ​ritualism

Question 9

The sociological term for a spoiled or devalued social identity is __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​clique 
B)  ​deviance 
C)  ​crime 
D)  ​stigma

Question 10

A branch of the conflict perspective, Marxist/critical theory views deviance and crime as a result of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​the capitalist economic system 
B)  ​the strain between the goals of society and the means of achieving those goals 
C)  ​labeling 
D)  ​socialization by people who have criminal backgrounds

Question 11

Violent crime accounts for less than 5 percent of arrests in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

From a sociological perspective, definitions of deviance originate_______________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​in the specific behavior or condition 
B)  ​with the people who witness or judge the behavior 
C)  ​in legal and civil statutes or regulations 
D)  ​with the identity of the person whose behavior is in question

Question 13

Cloward and Ohlin identified three basic gang types based on the type of illegitimate opportunity structure available in a specific area. The __________ is devoted to theft, extortion, and other illegal means of securing an income.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​retreatist gang 
B)  ​criminal gang 
C)  ​conflict gang 
D)  ​rebellist gang

Question 14

Define criminal justice system and describe how the police and courts have considerable discretion in dealing with offenders.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define criminal justice system and describe how...

Question 15

According to Merton's strain theory, __________ occurs when people accept society's goals but adopt disapproved means for achieving them.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​conformity 
B)  ​innovation 
C)  ​rebellion 
D)  ​ritualism

Question 16

Organized crime is generally not associated with __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​drug trafficking 
B)  ​prostitution 
C)  ​money laundering 
D)  ​insider trading

Question 17

The __________ is compiled by the FBI and is the major source of information on crimes reported in the United States.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Law Enforcement Administration Analysis 
B)  ​American Criminological Society Bulletin 
C)  ​Uniform Crime Report 
D)  ​U.S. Census Bureau Annual Report

Question 18

__________ argue that the lifestyles considered deviant by political and economic elites are most likely to be defined as illegal.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​Symbolic interactionists 
B)  ​Conflict theorists 
C)  ​Functionalists 
D)  ​Postmodern theorists

Question 19

A __________ is a minor crime that is typically punishable by less than one year in jail.

Accepted Answer

A)  ​felony 
B)  ​misdemeanor 
C)  ​civil infraction 
D)  ​tort

Question 20

Juveniles are subject to the same legal process and types of punishment as adults, only in a different system.

Accepted Answer