Question 1

Not all inspired air reaches the alveoli; 150 mL is stopped in the airway leading to the alveoli.This is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   vital capacity.
B)   bronchial air.
C)   tidal volume.
D)   dead air space. D

Question 2

You and your EMT partner respond to a local shipping warehouse for a worker who was hit by a falling crate.Upon arrival,you find the man lying on the concrete floor of the facility,alert and oriented but unable to move or even feel his legs below the waist.Based on the mechanism of injury and the symptoms,which of the patient's body systems would you suspect has been impaired?

Accepted Answer

A)   Endocrine system
B)   Nervous system
C)   Cardiopulmonary system
D)   Immune system B

Question 3

The volume of air that is moved in and out of the chest in a normal breath cycle is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   vital capacity.
B)   tidal volume.
C)   expiration.
D)   inspiration. B

Question 4

Shock occurs as a result of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Inadequate perfusion
B)   C/Q match
C)   V/Q match
D)   Adequate perfusion

Question 5

What is the name of the heart dysfunction caused by an electrical source that causes the heart to beat too fast?

Accepted Answer

A)   Tachycardia
B)   Trauma
C)   Heart attack
D)   Bradycardia

Question 6

A 19-year-old male is reported to have taken too many narcotic pain pills that were prescribed for his recent knee surgery.He is extremely sleepy with very shallow breathing.His color is pale and his SpO₂ reading is 84%.His body is probably attempting to compensate for his poor level of ventilatory effort by stimulating the respiratory system to increase rate and tidal volume.Normally,respiratory drive is triggered by changing levels of:

Accepted Answer

A)   carbon dioxide.
B)   oxygen.
C)   pH.
D)   glucose.

Question 7

What do chemoreceptors found in the body and vascular system measure?

Accepted Answer

A)   Low oxygen and high carbon dioxide
B)   High oxygen and low carbon dioxide
C)   Low oxygen and low carbon dioxide
D)   High oxygen and high carbon dioxide

Question 8

Plasma oncotic pressure is created by the movement of which of the following?

Accepted Answer

A)   Large proteins
B)   Contraction of the heart
C)   Constriction of the vessels
D)   Dilation of the vessels

Question 9

An infection of the brain is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   multiple sclerosis.
B)   encephalitis.
C)   rhinitis.
D)   meningitis.

Question 10

When a person has an exaggerated response to a body invader,the person is said to have:

Accepted Answer

A)   hypersensitivity.
B)   antibody reaction.
C)   histamine dump.
D)   hyposensitivity.

Question 11

When carbon dioxide is not exchanged,the net result is high carbon dioxide,a condition called ________,within the body.

Accepted Answer

A)   hyperemia
B)   hypercapnia
C)   hyperthermia
D)   hyperglycemia

Question 12

In the normal drive to breathe,chemoreceptors are stimulated by:

Accepted Answer

A)   diffusion.
B)   low carbon dioxide.
C)   high oxygen.
D)   high carbon dioxide.

Question 13

The respiratory system moves air in and out; however,to ________ cells,the air that is inhaled must meet up with the circulatory system.

Accepted Answer

A)   defuse
B)   hyperoxygenate
C)   register
D)   perfuse

Question 14

The sympathetic nervous response causes which of the following to occur?

Accepted Answer

A)   Breathe slower and deeper, blood vessels to dilate, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to constrict, and skin to become pale
B)   Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale
C)   Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to constrict, heart to beat stronger and faster, skin to sweat, pupils to constrict, and skin to become warm
D)   Breathe faster and deeper, blood vessels to dilate, heart to beat stronger and slower, skin to sweat, pupils to dilate, and skin to become pale

Question 15

The cellular structure that is responsible for synthesizing proteins is:

Accepted Answer

A)   mitochondria.
B)   endoplasmic reticulum.
C)   nucleus.
D)   sodium pump.

Question 16

If a hole is created in the chest wall,air could escape or be drawn in,or if bleeding develops within the chest,air and blood can accumulate in the pleural space.This would force the lung to:

Accepted Answer

A)   increase respirations.
B)   increase the minute volume.
C)   collapse.
D)   work harder with minimal problems.

Question 17

The disruption of lung tissue by mechanical forces or medical problems can upset diffusion,which is defined as:

Accepted Answer

A)   the process of gas exchange between the alveoli and the capillaries.
B)   the ability of the lungs to expand equally during inspiration.
C)   maintaining enough positive pressure in the pleural space to keep the lungs from collapsing.
D)   the exchange of gases in the bronchi.

Question 18

What is the correct order of air flow from the nose to the alveoli in the lungs?

Accepted Answer

A)   Nose, pharynx, hypopharynx, epiglottis, trachea, crania, mainstem bronchi, alveoli
B)   Mouth, pharynx, epiglottis, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, crania, alveoli
C)   Nose, nasopharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, larynx, trachea, bronchi, alveoli
D)   Nose, hyperpharynx, pharynx, hypopharynx, trachea, mainstem bronchi, bronchi, alveoli

Question 19

A condition that is caused by a decreased number of red blood cells is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   polycythemia.
B)   erythrocythemia.
C)   leukemia.
D)   anemia.

Question 20

Water that is found in the space between cells and blood vessels is called:

Accepted Answer

A)   intravascular.
B)   hydrostatic.
C)   intracellular.
D)   interstitial.

Exam 7: Ventilation, perfusion, and Shock: Understanding Pathophysiology