Question 1

Which defense mechanism is being used when an angry employee, who was unfairly criticized by her boss, almost runs a few cars off the road on her way home from work?

Accepted Answer

A) Reaction formation 
B) Projection 
C) Regression 
D) Displacement

Question 2

One limitation of the trait theories is that

Accepted Answer

A) they are more descriptive than explanatory. 
B) they involve the use of hypothetical constructs. 
C) they are too biological. 
D) they do not solve any problems.

Question 3

The Electra complex involves

Accepted Answer

A) a girl wanting to kill her father and possess her mother. 
B) a boy wanting to kill his father and possess his mother. 
C) a girl longing for her father and resenting her mother. 
D) a boy longing for his father and resenting his mother.

Question 4

Which is an example of a "psychic structure"?

Accepted Answer

A) Ego C.acculturation 
B) Positive regard D.competencies

Question 5

The key mechanism in social-cognitive theory is

Accepted Answer

A) observation. 
B) consciousness. 
C) unconsciousness. 
D) self-actualization.

Question 6

Eysenck's model of personality is similar to that of

Accepted Answer

A) Hippocrates. 
B) Allport. 
C) Galton. 
D) Mead.

Question 7

Anna has been in a car accident in which her best friend died. Six months later, she cannot even remember that the accident occurred. This event is probably in her __________ mind.

Accepted Answer

A) hyperconscious 
B) subterfuge 
C) unconscious 
D) conscious

Question 8

The Rorschach is a(n) __________ test.

Accepted Answer

A) projective 
B) acculturated 
C) occluded 
D) objective

Question 9

The final stage of psychosexual development is the __________ stage.

Accepted Answer

A) phallic 
B) oral 
C) genital 
D) latency

Question 10

Regina always speaks her mind and has an easy time relating to others in social situations. She would be described as

Accepted Answer

A) stubborn. 
B) thrifty. 
C) introverted. 
D) extraverted.

Question 11

Social-cognitive theory differs from behaviorism in that social-cognitive theory argues that

Accepted Answer

A) rewards shape behaviors. 
B) the ego follows the moral principle. 
C) wants and desires are the result of our environment. 
D) people influence their environments.

Question 12

According to Rogers, when Dana compares her perception of herself with her "ideal," she is rating her

Accepted Answer

A) self-concept. 
B) self-confidence. 
C) self-potential. 
D) self-efficacy.

Question 13

Peter's IQ was measured at 145 when he was 6 years old and 146 when he was 10 years old. This particular test could be considered

Accepted Answer

A) valid. 
B) standardized. 
C) reliable. 
D) invalid.

Question 14

A fixation can occur during a psychosexual stage of development if there is

Accepted Answer

A) either too little or too much gratification. 
B) a lack of libido energy. 
C) too much eros. 
D) none of these

Question 15

According to Erikson, the goal of adolescence is attainment of

Accepted Answer

A) surface traits. 
B) sexual maturity. 
C) osculation. 
D) ego identity.

Question 16

Which of the following represents acculturation among immigrants living in the United States?

Accepted Answer

A) A person from Mexico feels isolated living in his new setting. 
B) A woman is angry that no one speaks her native language. 
C) A child from France is learning English at home. 
D) A man seeks out other immigrants who came from his native country.

Question 17

Compare and contrast an individualist and a collectivist according to the five-factor model of personality (agreeableness, conscientiousness, openness, extraversion, and neuroticism).

Accepted Answer

The answer of Compare and contrast an individualist and a...

Question 18

All of the following are criticisms of Freud's psychoanalytic theory except

Accepted Answer

A) the concepts are difficult to test scientifically. 
B) personality and behavior do develop and parents should be aware of the emotional needs of their children. 
C) psychic structures are too vague to be able to predict behavior. 
D) children begin sexual curiosity years earlier than Freud suggested.

Question 19

Isabella's parents enjoy seeing her play with her own "babies" and praise her for being a good "mommy" just like her own mommy. Isabella is likely to continue this type of play, which can be explained by which theory?

Accepted Answer

A) Behavioral 
B) Gender-typing 
C) Modeling 
D) Social-cognition

Question 20

Karen is open to new experiences, not afraid to take risks, and always strives to do her best on any project. According to Maslow, Karen demonstrates characteristics of a

Accepted Answer

A) free spirit. 
B) self-actualizer. 
C) depressed person. 
D) self-assessor.

Exam 10: Personality: Theory and Measurement