Question 1

Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that:

Accepted Answer

A)  powerless people are at the highest risk of being defined as deviant. 
B)  deviance has both functions and dysfunctions. 
C)  deviance exists only in the eye of the beholder. 
D)  society should ignore victimless crime.

Question 2

Caesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and criminologist, claimed that most criminals were people who had been mistreated by society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 3

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?

Accepted Answer

A)  the normative system 
B)  social control 
C)  civil law 
D)  the criminal justice system

Question 4

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because:

Accepted Answer

A)  very few people experience an "unsuccessful socialization." 
B)  there has been very little research of this kind. 
C)  there is no way to distinguish "normal" from "abnormal" people. 
D)  most people who commit crimes have normal personalities.

Question 5

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

Accepted Answer

A)  students enrolled in college 
B)  teenagers on sports teams with after-school jobs 
C)  youngsters who "hang out" waiting for something to happen 
D)  young people with respect for their parents

Question 6

According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include:

Accepted Answer

A)  our cultural homogeneity. 
B)  a lack of interest in punishing offenders. 
C)  the high level of immigration. 
D)  our emphasis on individual economic success, which weakens the social fabric.

Question 7

Describe the labeling theory of deviance. What basic insight about deviance is offered by this approach? How does labeling figure into the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance? What is the importance of stigma in labeling analysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe the labeling theory of deviance. What...

Question 8

The concept of due process refers to:

Accepted Answer

A)  the criminal justice system operating within the bounds of law. 
B)  the idea that people get what they deserve. 
C)  the process of plea bargaining. 
D)  the obligation of all citizens to report crime.

Question 9

According to the social-conflict approach, deviance has a number of functions for the operation of society as a whole.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 10

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

Accepted Answer

A)  innovation 
B)  ritualism 
C)  retreatism 
D)  rebellion

Question 11

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. This sentence reflects a policy called:

Accepted Answer

A)  parole. 
B)  shock probation. 
C)  rehabilitation. 
D)  extended lockup.

Question 12

A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 13

What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  a deviant ritual 
B)  a degradation ceremony 
C)  a secondary identity 
D)  stigma

Question 14

Identify four justifications for punishment.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Identify four justifications for punishment....

Question 15

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on:

Accepted Answer

A)  how often the act occurs. 
B)  the moral foundation of the culture. 
C)  how harmful the act is to the public as a whole. 
D)  differences in power between various categories of people.

Question 16

Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based corrections.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based...

Question 17

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

Accepted Answer

A)  the act and criminal intent 
B)  a criminal and a victim 
C)  the act and the social harm 
D)  the law and the violation

Question 18

What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 19

Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"?

Accepted Answer

A)  theft being redefined as a "compulsive stealing" 
B)  drinking too much being redefined as "alcoholism" 
C)  promiscuity being redefined as a "sexual addiction" 
D)  All of the above are correct.

Question 20

Every society punishes offenders. Write an essay in which you explain four justifications for punishment. Point out how each justification has come to the fore at different times in history, and explain this pattern as best you can. What evidence is there that punishment actually accomplishes what we say it does?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Every society punishes offenders. Write an essay...

Exam 9: Deviance

Alexander Liazos speaks for the social-conflict approach when he states that:

Caesare Lombroso, an Italian physician and criminologist, claimed that most criminals were people who had been mistreated by society.

What concept refers to the formal system that responds to alleged violations of the law using police, courts, and prison officials?

The value of psychological theories of deviance is limited because:

Travis Hirschi's control theory suggests which of the following categories of people would be most likely to engage in deviance?

According to Elliot Currie, factors that explain the high crime rate in the United States by world standards include:

Describe the labeling theory of deviance. What basic insight about deviance is offered by this approach? How does labeling figure into the difference between primary deviance and secondary deviance? What is the importance of stigma in labeling analysis?

The concept of due process refers to:

According to the social-conflict approach, deviance has a number of functions for the operation of society as a whole.

In Robert Merton's strain theory of deviance, which of the following concepts refers to the process of seeking conventional goals but rejecting the conventional means to achieve them?

A judge orders that an offender be sentenced to prison for a short time, with most of the sentence served on probation. This sentence reflects a policy called:

A poor person who has little chance to go to college and who sells illegal drugs to make money is one example of a deviant "innovator."

What concept did Erving Goffman use to refer to a powerful and negative label that greatly changes a person's self-concept and social identity?

Identify four justifications for punishment.

According to the social-conflict approach, what a society labels as deviant is based primarily on:

Define due process, plea bargaining, and community-based corrections.

In legal terms, a crime is composed of which two components?

What is considered deviant is mostly the same behavior all around the world.

Which of the following statements illustrates the "medicalization of deviance"?