Question 1

A PA axial cranial projection (Caldwell method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)equal distance from the crista galli to the lateral cranial cortices on each side.
2)the petrous ridges aligned with the supraorbital margins.
3)the petrous pyramids superimposed over the infraorbital margins.
4)the superior orbital fissures demonstrated within the orbits.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4 only 
B)  2 only 
C)  1, 3, and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 2

An SMV cranial projection (Schueller method) with poor positioning demonstrates the mandibular mentum posterior to the ethmoid sinuses. How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?
1)Tilt the patient's head toward the left side.
2)Angle the central ray cephalically.
3)Increase neck extension.
4)Align the IOML parallel with the IR.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  2, 3, and 4 only

Question 3

An acanthioparietal sinus projection (Waters method) can be distinguished from a parietoacanthial sinus projection because
1)it demonstrates the bony nasal septum in alignment with the collimated field's longitudinal axis.
2)it demonstrates greater orbital magnification.
3)it demonstrates less distance from the lateral orbital rims to the lateral cranial cortices.
4)the petrous ridges are demonstrated superior to the maxillary sinuses.

Accepted Answer

A)  1, 2, and 3 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  1 and 4 only 
D)  3 and 4 only

Question 4

An AP axial (Towne method) cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates a foreshortened dorsum sellae and the atlas's posterior arch within the foramen magnum. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?
1)The patient's face was rotated toward the right side.
2)The chin was not adequately tucked.
3)The OML was not aligned perpendicular to the IR.
4)The central ray was angled too caudally.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 3 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  2 and 3 only 
D)  3 and 4 only

Question 5

A lateral cranial projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the
1)sella turcica in profile.
2)right orbital roof slightly superior to the left orbital roof.
3)dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum.
4)mandibular rami superimposed.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4 only 
B)  3 only 
C)  1, 2, and 4 only 
D)  4 only

Question 6

The distance from the posterior clinoid process to the lateral foramen magnum is less on the patient's left side than on the right side on an AP axial cranium projection (Towne method). To obtain an optimal projection,

Accepted Answer

A)  elevate the patient's chin until the OML is perpendicular to the IR. 
B)  tuck the patient's chin until the OML is perpendicular to the IR. 
C)  rotate the patient's face toward the left side until the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR. 
D)  rotate the patient's face toward the right side until the midsagittal plane is perpendicular to the IR.

Question 7

A poorly positioned SMV cranial projection (Schueller method) demonstrates the mandibular mentum too far anterior to the ethmoid sinuses. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?
1)The patient's neck was overextended.
2)The IOML was not aligned parallel with the IR.
3)The central ray was angled too caudally.
4)The patient's head was tilted toward the right side.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  2 and 4 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, and 4 only

Question 8

An optimally positioned lateral cranium projection demonstrates all of the following except

Accepted Answer

A)  an area 2 inches (5 cm) superior to the EAM at the center of the exposure field. 
B)  superimposition of the greater wings of the sphenoid and orbital roofs. 
C)  the sella turcica on end. 
D)  posteroinferior occipital bones and posterior arch of the atlas free of superimposition.

Question 9

When the central ray is aligned with a patient's OML, the tube angle reads 25 degrees caudad. What angulation would you use for this patient for a trauma AP axial (Towne method) cranial projection?

Accepted Answer

A)  Perpendicular 
B)  55 degrees caudad 
C)  45 degrees caudad 
D)  10 degrees cephalad

Question 10

A PA cranial projection obtained with the patient's face rotated toward the right side demonstrates a greater distanced from the

Accepted Answer

A)  lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on the left side than on the right side. 
B)  crista galli to the lateral cranial cortex on the right side than on the left side. 
C)  right mandibular ramus to the cervical vertebrae than from the left mandibular ramus to the cervical vertebrae. 
D)  lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on the right side than on the left side.

Question 11

Which of the following pertains to an AP axial (Towne method) cranial projection obtained with the patient's face rotated toward the left side?

Accepted Answer

A)  The dorsum sellae is demonstrated superior to the foramen magnum. 
B)  The atlas's posterior arch is demonstrated within the foramen magnum. 
C)  The distance from the dorsum sellae to the lateral foramen magnum on the patient's left side is narrower than on the right side. 
D)  The distance from the dorsum sellae to the lateral foramen magnum on the patient's right side is narrower than on the left side.

Question 12

A parietoacanthial sinus projection (Waters method) with accurate positioning demonstrates
1)an equal distance from the lateral orbital margin to the lateral cranial cortex on both sides.
2)the bony nasal septum in alignment with the long axis of the exposure field.
3)the petrous ridges demonstrated inferior to the maxillary sinuses.
4)the ethmoid sinus through the mouth cavity in an open-mouth position.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 2 only 
B)  3 and 4 only 
C)  1, 2, and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 13

Which of the following is true of an SMV cranial projection (Schueller method) obtained with the vertex of the patient's head tilted toward the right side?

Accepted Answer

A)  The mandibular mentum will be turned toward the right side. 
B)  The distance from the left mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the right ramus to the lateral cranial cortex. 
C)  The mandibular mentum is demonstrated anterior to the ethmoid sinuses. 
D)  The distance from the right mandibular ramus to the lateral cranial cortex is greater than the distance from the left ramus to the lateral cranial cortex.

Question 14

For an AP axial (Towne method) mandible projection,
1)the central ray is centered to the midsagittal plane at the level of the glabella.
2)the central ray is angled 35 to 40 degrees caudally.
3)the IOML is positioned perpendicular to the IR.
4)a lengthwise 8- × 10-inch IR is used.

Accepted Answer

A)  3 and 4 only 
B)  1 and 2 only 
C)  1, 2, and 4 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 15

A lateral cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the greater wings of the sphenoid and anterior cranial cortices without superimposition. One of each of the corresponding structures is demonstrated posterior to the other. How was the patient mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?

Accepted Answer

A)  The patient's head was tilted. 
B)  The patient's head was rotated. 
C)  The patient's chin was elevated. 
D)  The central ray was centered too superiorly.

Question 16

For a parietoacanthial sinus projection (Waters method), the
1)patient is positioned upright to demonstrate air-fluid levels within the maxillary sinuses.
2)MML is aligned perpendicular to the IR.
3)central ray is centered to the acanthion.
4)OML is at a 37-degree angle with the central ray.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 and 4 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  1, 2, and 3 only 
D)  1, 2, 3, and 4

Question 17

An AP axial (Towne method) cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the dorsum sellae superior to the foramen magnum. How was the positioning setup mispositioned for such a projection to be obtained?
1)The patient's face was rotated toward the left side.
2)The chin was not adequately tucked.
3)The OML was not aligned perpendicular to the IR.
4)The central ray was angled too caudally.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  4 only 
C)  2 and 3 only 
D)  2, 3, and 4 only

Question 18

A parietocanthial facial bone projection (Waters method) demonstrating the petrous ridges within the maxillary sinuses

Accepted Answer

A)  would have been obtained with the patient's chin elevated more than needed to align the acanthioparietal line perpendicular to the IR. 
B)  would have been obtained with the patient's chin insufficiently elevated to align the MML perpendicular to the IR. 
C)  will require a cephalic central ray angulation if the patient is unable to adjust the chin. 
D)  would have resulted if the projection was obtained with the patient's mouth open.

Question 19

An AP cranial projection with poor positioning demonstrates the petrous ridges inferior to the supraorbital margins. How could the positioning setup be adjusted for an optimal projection to be obtained?
1)Rotate the patient's face toward the left side.
2)Angle the central ray caudally.
3)Position the OML perpendicular to the IR.
4)Tuck the patient's chin more.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  2 and 3 only 
C)  3 and 4 only 
D)  2, 3, and 4 only

Question 20

An AP cranial projection can be distinguished from a PA cranial projection because it demonstrates
1)less orbital magnification.
2)the internal auditory canals horizontally through the orbits.
3)less distance from the lateral orbital margins to the lateral cranial cortices.
4)the anterior clinoids and dorsum sellae superior to the ethmoid sinuses.

Accepted Answer

A)  1 only 
B)  1 and 3 only 
C)  3 only 
D)  2, 3, and 4 only

Exam 11: Image Analysis of the Cranium

A lateral cranial projection with accurate positioning demonstrates the 1) sella turcica in profile. 2) right orbital roof slightly superior to the left orbital roof. 3) dorsum sellae within the foramen magnum. 4) mandibular rami superimposed.

The distance from the posterior clinoid process to the lateral foramen magnum is less on the patient's left side than on the right side on an AP axial cranium projection (Towne method) . To obtain an optimal projection,