Question 1

Which of the following is not one of the explanations your book provides for why we study attribution errors?

Accepted Answer

A) To demonstrate that people should not always be blamed for their problems 
B) To provide insight into how we think about ourselves and others 
C) To provide insight into why it is acceptable to focus social psychological research on Western cultures 
D) To demonstrate that we are mostly unaware of our biases

Question 2

On the first day of class,we see a middle-aged man at the front of the room,talking to a younger man.If we assume the older man is the professor and the younger man is the student,we are relying on what heuristic?

Accepted Answer

A) availability 
B) representativeness 
C) vividness 
D) matching

Question 3

Kruger and Dunning (1999)found that those students who scored lowest on tests of grammar and logic were _______ to overestimating their grammar and logic skills.

Accepted Answer

A) least prone 
B) most prone 
C) sometimes prone 
D) never prone

Question 4

Provide examples of both the availability and the representativeness heuristic.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide examples of both the availability and...

Question 5

Both you and your friend are late for a meeting.How would the attribution theory predict both your behavior and your friend's behavior?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Both you and your friend are late...

Question 6

The tendency for observers to underestimate situational influences and overestimate depositional influences on other people's behavior is called the

Accepted Answer

A) false consensus bias. 
B) misinformation effect. 
C) fundamental attribution error. 
D) dispositional bias.

Question 7

Counterfactual thinking is more likely when

Accepted Answer

A) we are not expecting a favorable outcome. 
B) we are surprised by favorable results. 
C) we can easily picture an alternative outcome. 
D) the event is insignificant.

Question 8

Your immediate recognition of your friend's face or her voice on the phone is an example of

Accepted Answer

A) controlled processing. 
B) illusory correlation. 
C) automatic processing. 
D) attribution error.

Question 9

Researchers investigated the reduction of littering in three high school classrooms.Which class still showed a reduction in littering two weeks after the study ended?

Accepted Answer

A) The class that was told that they should be neat and tidy 
B) The class reprimanded repeatedly for littering 
C) The class congratulated for being neat and tidy 
D) The class whose littering was ignored

Question 10

Your best friend is a master chess player and has won numerous awards.When you play chess with her,you notice that she seems to be aware of strategies almost immediately after your move.Her awareness of these strategies reflects what type of thinking?

Accepted Answer

A) controlled processing 
B) automatic processing 
C) internal processing 
D) intentional processing

Question 11

Those who make dispositional attributions regarding poverty and unemployment tend to adopt political positions that

Accepted Answer

A) offer more direct support to the poor. 
B) are unsympathetic to the poor. 
C) tend to blame the environment for their problems. 
D) are more neutral regarding poverty and unemployment.

Question 12

Incorporating inaccurate information into one's memory of an event,after witnessing the event and receiving misleading information about it is called

Accepted Answer

A) the priming effect. 
B) the confirmation bias. 
C) belief perseverance. 
D) the misinformation effect.

Question 13

Misha is struggling with her computer.She is asked if she usually encounters difficulty when using her computer.The answer to this question provides information about

Accepted Answer

A) consistency. 
B) distinctiveness. 
C) character. 
D) consensus.

Question 14

Sharon typically watches televised news stations that support her existing political beliefs.She is less inclined to watch the news on other stations,as it may disprove her preconceptions.Sharon's approach illustrates the

Accepted Answer

A) confirmation bias. 
B) misinformation effect. 
C) base-rate fallacy. 
D) I-knew-it-all-along phenomenon.

Question 15

Because you see Fred gardening,you decide that he loves working in the yard.You see Fred this way owing to

Accepted Answer

A) halo effects. 
B) the fundamental attribution error. 
C) persuasion. 
D) assumed-similarity.

Question 16

The tendency to presume,sometimes despite contrary odds,that someone or something belongs to a particular group because it resembles a typical member is referred to as the _______ heuristic.

Accepted Answer

A) availability 
B) representativeness 
C) vividness 
D) matching

Question 17

Which statement is NOT correct as it relates to mood and judgment?

Accepted Answer

A) Happy people are more trusting and loving. 
B) Unhappy people tend to be more self-focused and brooding. 
C) A bad mood primes our recollection of aggressive events. 
D) Our moods don't influence our judgments.

Question 18

Your friends have strong feelings about abortion.Which statement is true?

Accepted Answer

A) Their beliefs don't influence how they see new information. 
B) Their beliefs influence how they see new information. 
C) Their beliefs are unrelated to new information. 
D) New information changes their beliefs.

Question 19

June is participating in a research study.When she arrives at the room the experimenter treats her poorly,ignoring her questions and answering her in a sharp tone.Steve participates in the same study.However the experimenter acts in a very friendly manner toward him and goes out of his way to ensure Steve is comfortable at all times.Research on embodied cognition would predict

Accepted Answer

A) June will make more negative trait attributions about the researcher than Steve. 
B) Steve will sign up for more future experiments than June. 
C) June will think the temperature in the laboratory was colder than Steve. 
D) Steve will be less likely to commit the fundamental attribution error than June.

Question 20

Although travelers in the United States are more likely to die in an automobile crash than on a commercial flight covering the same distance,people often assume that flying is more dangerous than driving.What type of heuristic are people using when they make this assumption?

Accepted Answer

A) availability heuristic 
B) representativeness heuristic 
C) vividness heuristic 
D) matching heuristic

Exam 3: Social Beliefs and Judgments