Question 1

A psychologist who conducts experiments in an attempt to discover the basic principles of behavior and mind would be:

Accepted Answer

A)  a research psychologist
B)  a clinical psychologist
C)  an applied psychologist
D)  a psychiatrist A

Question 2

Carl Rogers was associated with which of the following schools of psychology:

Accepted Answer

A)  behaviorism
B)  functionalism
C)  structuralism
D)  none of these choices D

Question 3

Pavlov was:

Accepted Answer

A)  a famous Greek philosopher
B)  a trained psychologist
C)  not famed in psychology
D)  not a trained psychologist D

Question 4

In the 1950s a new approach emerged in psychology that refocused research on conscious experience and mental events.This new approach was known as:

Accepted Answer

A)  the behavioral revolution
B)  the humanistic revolution
C)  the cognitive revolution
D)  the psychoanalytic revolution

Question 5

The intellectual roots of modern psychology lie in the disciplines of:

Accepted Answer

A)  mathematics and philosophy
B)  philosophy and physiology
C)  biology and physics
D)  anthropology and sociology

Question 6

Today, virtually all psychologists accept that psychological characteristics, such as intelligence, emotion, and personality:

Accepted Answer

A)  are influenced by genetic factors
B)  are determined almost exclusively by experience
C)  are hardwired into the brain during early development
D)  can be linked to specific cells or structures within the brain

Question 7

A functionalist would argue that to understand how memory works, you first need to know which memory processes are innate and which are modified through experience.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

Behaviorism was helped along by persistent attacks on the theory of ____________________, which focused on contributions of inherited traits.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Behaviorism was helped along by persistent attacks...

Question 9

The Practical Solutions section of Chapter 1 describes the results of research on learning and memory.Which of the following statements BEST matches the results of that research?

Accepted Answer

A)  Repeated reading of material greatly enhances comprehension of the material.
B)  Repeated reading of material is the best way to improve memory for the material.
C)  Repeated testing is better than repeated reading when trying to improve memory.
D)  Repeated testing does little to improve the comprehension of material.

Question 10

Maxine is an applied psychologist.While she is at work, Maxine probably spends time:

Accepted Answer

A)  treating abnormal behavior or providing advice on adjustment problems
B)  trying to discover basic principles of behavior and mind through scientific experiments
C)  solving practical problems in the real world, using principles of scientific psychology
D)  studying how behavior and mental processes change over the course of a lifetime

Question 11

René Descartes introduced the notion of the:

Accepted Answer

A)  tabula rasa
B)  structuralist approach
C)  reflex arc
D)  natural selection of behaviors

Question 12

In the 17ᵗʰ century, the French philosopher René Descartes believed that the ____________________ was the part of the mind that controlled the actions of the mechanical body.

Accepted Answer

The answer of In the 17ᵗʰ century, the French philosopher...

Question 13

Anne is a psychologist who is currently collecting data in an attempt to understand how people influence and relate to each other.Anne would most likely be classified as:

Accepted Answer

A)  a clinical psychologist
B)  a research psychologist
C)  an applied psychologist
D)  a psychiatrist

Question 14

Signet Air recently hired a psychologist to help redesign the cockpit of a new aircraft.The goal is to reduce the probability of pilot error in reading the instrument panel.The psychologist the company hired is most likely:

Accepted Answer

A)  a human factors psychologist
B)  a social psychologist
C)  a developmental psychologist
D)  an industrial/organizational psychologist

Question 15

It is likely that:

Accepted Answer

A)  only nurture serves the purpose of adaptation
B)  only nature serves the purpose of adaptation
C)  nature and nurture work together to serve the purpose of adaptation
D)  neither nature nor nurture serve the purpose of adaptation

Question 16

The first woman to be elected president of the American Psychological Association was:

Accepted Answer

A)  Mary Whiton Calkins
B)  Anna Freud
C)  Margaret Floy Washburn
D)  Lillien Martin

Question 17

Which of the following pairings is correct?

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Rogers: humanistic psychology
B)  B.F. Skinner: structuralism
C)  Wilhelm Wundt: functionalism
D)  Sigmund Freud: behavioral psychology

Question 18

The psychoanalytic view in psychology is most clearly associated with:

Accepted Answer

A)  Carl Rogers
B)  Sigmund Freud
C)  John B. Watson
D)  Max Wertheimer

Question 19

Advances in technology that allow researchers to create active images of the brain as information is processed have helped to advance psychologists' understanding of:

Accepted Answer

A)  cross-cultural differences in intelligence
B)  the unconscious aspects of thought and behavior
C)  the ways in which nature and nurture interact to affect behavior
D)  the biological underpinnings of behavior

Question 20

When did the cognitive revolution occur and what type of change occurred in psychology at that time?

Accepted Answer

The answer of When did the cognitive revolution occur and...

Exam 1: Introduction to Psychology