Question 1

If a woman has reached or passed her due date (the date that a woman is expected to give birth), her obstetrician may inject her with hormones to help initiate labor. Which of the following hormones would assist the most in the initiation of labor?

Accepted Answer

A) HCG 
B) FSH 
C) progesterone 
D) oxytocin

Question 2

Meconium is the clinical term used for the earliest stool (fecal matter)of a newborn human infant, which is usually very sticky (like tar), almost completely odorless, and dark olive green in color. Meconium takes this form due to materials that the fetus orally ingests while in the uterus. Which of the following materials would the fetus likely ingest during development?

Accepted Answer

A) amniotic fluid 
B) placental blood 
C) digestive products from the mother 
D) blood from the mother

Question 3

Which of the following hormones stimulates the growth of an ovarian follicle?

Accepted Answer

A) LH 
B) FSH 
C) estrogen 
D) progesterone

Question 4

Which of the following is not a potential advantage of asexual reproduction?

Accepted Answer

A) It allows animals that do not move around to produce offspring without finding mates. 
B) It saves the time and energy required to produce gametes. 
C) It produces genetically diverse populations. 
D) It allows animals that are genetically well suited to a particular environment to quickly expand their populations.

Question 5

Which of the following results from cleavage?

Accepted Answer

A) formation of the nervous system 
B) formation of the notochord 
C) formation of more cells 
D) segmentation

Question 6

Coral reefs are made up of genetically identical coral polyps. New polyps develop as offshoots from the parental polyp. What type of reproduction do coral polyps use?

Accepted Answer

A) budding 
B) fission 
C) fragmentation 
D) sexual reproduction

Question 7

Which of the following statements regarding birth control is true?

Accepted Answer

A) The most widely used birth control pills contain a combination of FSH and LH. 
B) Natural family planning is generally reliable. 
C) Morning-after pills taken within three days of unprotected intercourse prevent fertilization or implantation about 75% of the time. 
D) Birth control pills work primarily by preventing fertilization and implantation.

Question 8

Menstruation

Accepted Answer

A) is triggered by an LH surge. 
B) is triggered by HCG. 
C) is triggered by an increase in the levels of estrogen and progesterone. 
D) coincides with the beginning of the pre-ovulatory phase of the ovarian cycle.

Question 9

Asthenozoospermia is a medical condition that is characterized by reduced sperm motility. What structure of the sperm is likely affected in a man who has asthenozoospermia?

Accepted Answer

A) acrosome 
B) head 
C) middle piece 
D) flagellum

Question 10

Your friend tells you that as long as you can track the exact day that a woman ovulates, and as long as a woman does not have sexual intercourse on this day, then she will not get pregnant even if no form of contraception is used. Is your friend correct? Why or why not?

Accepted Answer

A) Yes. Sperm can only fertilize an egg on the day that ovulation occurs, so as long as sexual intercourse does not occur on this day, the woman will not become pregnant. 
B) Yes. High levels of FSH and LH are needed for fertilization to occur, and the levels of FSH and LH do not rise until the exact day that ovulation occurs. 
C) No. Even after ovulation occurs, a woman's egg remains in the uterus for at least a week and is able to be fertilized by sperm during this time period. 
D) No. Sperm can survive in the female reproductive tract, so having sexual intercourse a few days before ovulation can result in pregnancy.

Question 11

After reading the paragraphs below, answer the questions that follow.
Home pregnancy test kits can detect whether a woman is pregnant within one to three weeks of her egg being fertilized. The test kits include a short strip of paper that extends from a plastic case. After a woman urinates on the strip of paper and waits three to five minutes, a symbol is displayed on a small window in the plastic case. Some tests show a single line to indicate the woman is not pregnant (negative result) and two lines to indicate she is pregnant (positive result). Others show a minus or plus sign (or some other variation) to indicate negative and positive results.
The test reports a positive symbol if it detects the presence of HCG in the woman's urine. In order for HCG to be detected, it must be present in the urine at a concentration of at least 10 to 100 units per milliliter. Even though home pregnancy tests are well designed and have been tested extensively, false negative and false positive results do occur. A false positive occurs when a test tells a woman that she is pregnant when she really is not, and a false negative occurs when a test tells a woman that she is not pregnant when she really is. Most home pregnancy test kit manufacturers claim that their tests are over 99% accurate.
-What would be the best experiment for a manufacturer to conduct in order to determine the false positive rate of their test kits?

Accepted Answer

A) Have a group of women who are less than five weeks pregnant use the test and count the number of false positive results. 
B) Have a woman use the test before she is pregnant and again after she is pregnant and determine whether the tests were positive or negative. 
C) Have a group of women who are 32 weeks pregnant use the test and count the number of false positive results. 
D) Have a group of women who are not pregnant use the test and count the number of false positive results.

Exam 27: Reproduction and Embryonic Development

If a woman has reached or passed her due date (the date that a woman is expected to give birth) , her obstetrician may inject her with hormones to help initiate labor. Which of the following hormones would assist the most in the initiation of labor?