Question 1

_____ is a way of enhancing self-efficacy of a person by telling the person that she or he can,or by encouraging the person to perform a task.

Accepted Answer

A)  Emotional arousal 
B)  Vicarious modeling 
C)  Verbal persuasion 
D)  Enactive mastery 
E)  Moral disengagement

Question 2

Natalie encourages her employees by recognizing and immediately rewarding a good performance,so that it motivates the employee as well as others to consistently perform well.This type of strategy to increase the frequency of desirable behavior is known as _____.

Accepted Answer

A)  vicarious modeling 
B)  job rotation 
C)  positive reinforcement 
D)  extinction 
E)  punishment

Question 3

_____ is a reinforcement strategy that discourages behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Negative reinforcement 
B)  Vicarious modeling 
C)  Positive reinforcement 
D)  Extinction 
E)  Punishment

Question 4

_____ strengthens behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Punishment 
B)  Negative reinforcement 
C)  Extinction 
D)  Job rotation 
E)  Vicarious modeling

Question 5

Abraham Maslow classifies physiological needs as lower-order needs in his human needs theory.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 6

The _____ states that behavior that results in a positive outcome is likely to be repeated,and the behavior that results in a negative outcome is not likely to be repeated.

Accepted Answer

A)  law of contingent reinforcement 
B)  progression principle 
C)  law of effect 
D)  deficit principle 
E)  law of immediate reinforcement

Question 7

Extinction strategies are employed to strengthen or increase the frequency of desirable behavior.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 8

_____ are those who have a strong preference for rewards to be distributed equitably,so they react as the basic equity theory proposes.

Accepted Answer

A)  Influencers 
B)  Altruists 
C)  Sensitives 
D)  Benevolents 
E)  Entitleds

Question 9

_____ are people who try to create situations of positive inequity for themselves and react very negatively to any situations of negative inequity that they experience.

Accepted Answer

A)  Altruists 
B)  Sensitives 
C)  Affiliates 
D)  Benevolents 
E)  Entitleds

Question 10

Which of the following helps in providing flexibility to workers by splitting a full-time job between two or more people?

Accepted Answer

A)  Flextime 
B)  Telecommuting 
C)  Office sharing 
D)  Compressed workweek 
E)  Job sharing

Question 11

According to Stacy Adams,to deal with negative inequity,people change their work inputs by putting less effort into their jobs.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Which of the following is regarded as a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Esteem 
B)  Freedom 
C)  Safety 
D)  Self-actualization 
E)  Identity

Question 13

_____ is a process of arranging work tasks for individuals and groups.

Accepted Answer

A)  Task analysis 
B)  Operant conditioning 
C)  Work scope 
D)  Resource management 
E)  Job design

Question 14

Expectancy theory predicts that high expectancy,instrumentality,and valence will result in zero motivation.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 15

When Jason was selected as the "Employee of the month" of his organization,he received a cash prize,a holiday package for two,and a year's membership at the Prestize club.Jason was overwhelmed and felt that he got more than what he deserved.Which of the following terms best represents Jason's understanding of the situation?

Accepted Answer

A)  Bandwagon effect 
B)  Representativeness bias 
C)  Framing error 
D)  Over-reward inequity 
E)  Self-concordance

Question 16

High need achievers prefer achievable but challenging goals and expect feedback on performance.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 17

_____ is a strategy of reinforcement that discourages behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence.

Accepted Answer

A)  Positive reinforcement 
B)  Extinction 
C)  Punishment 
D)  Negative reinforcement 
E)  Vicarious modeling

Question 18

The _____ states that a need does not become activated until the next-lower-level need is already satisfied.

Accepted Answer

A)  expectancy theory 
B)  deficit principle 
C)  self-efficacy theory 
D)  frustration-regression principle 
E)  progression principle

Question 19

According to Vroom's expectancy theory,managers can build positive expectancies by:

Accepted Answer

A)  setting challenging goals and making people work hard to achieve those goals even though they lack the ability and resources to complete the tasks. 
B)  clarifying the rewards for high performance. 
C)  selecting workers with the right abilities for the jobs to be done and providing them with the best training and development. 
D)  increasing the communication with the subordinates to help identify important employee needs and benefits. 
E)  allotting rewards fairly on a performance-contingent basis.

Question 20

_____ needs described by Clayton Alderfer are essentially the same as the higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy.

Accepted Answer

A)  Esteem 
B)  Relatedness 
C)  Growth 
D)  Existence 
E)  Social

Exam 16: Motivation Theory and Practice

_____ is a way of enhancing self-efficacy of a person by telling the person that she or he can,or by encouraging the person to perform a task.

Natalie encourages her employees by recognizing and immediately rewarding a good performance,so that it motivates the employee as well as others to consistently perform well.This type of strategy to increase the frequency of desirable behavior is known as _____.

_____ is a reinforcement strategy that discourages behavior by making the removal of a desirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

_____ strengthens behavior by making the avoidance of an undesirable consequence contingent on its occurrence.

Abraham Maslow classifies physiological needs as lower-order needs in his human needs theory.

The _____ states that behavior that results in a positive outcome is likely to be repeated,and the behavior that results in a negative outcome is not likely to be repeated.

Extinction strategies are employed to strengthen or increase the frequency of desirable behavior.

_____ are those who have a strong preference for rewards to be distributed equitably,so they react as the basic equity theory proposes.

_____ are people who try to create situations of positive inequity for themselves and react very negatively to any situations of negative inequity that they experience.

Which of the following helps in providing flexibility to workers by splitting a full-time job between two or more people?

According to Stacy Adams,to deal with negative inequity,people change their work inputs by putting less effort into their jobs.

Which of the following is regarded as a lower-order need in Maslow's hierarchy?

_____ is a process of arranging work tasks for individuals and groups.

Expectancy theory predicts that high expectancy,instrumentality,and valence will result in zero motivation.

High need achievers prefer achievable but challenging goals and expect feedback on performance.

_____ is a strategy of reinforcement that discourages behavior by making an unpleasant consequence contingent on its occurrence.

The _____ states that a need does not become activated until the next-lower-level need is already satisfied.

According to Vroom's expectancy theory,managers can build positive expectancies by:

_____ needs described by Clayton Alderfer are essentially the same as the higher-order needs in Maslow's hierarchy.