Question 1

Peptide neurotransmitters (i.e.,neuropeptides)are synthesized in the cell body and

Accepted Answer

A)  stored in the Golgi complex until they are broken down. 
B)  released by the Golgi complex into the synapse. 
C)  transported in vesicles along microtubules to the buttons. 
D)  stored in ribosomes with small-molecule neurotransmitters. 
E)  transported along the axons to the nodes of Ranvier.

Question 2

The release of neurotransmitter molecules from buttons is often triggered by

Accepted Answer

A)  an efflux of sodium ions. 
B)  an influx of calcium ions. 
C)  the sodium-potassium pump. 
D)  the arrival of an AP at the axon hillock. 
E)  the release of calcium ions from the buttons.

Question 3

Which of the following is an endocannabinoid neurotransmitter?

Accepted Answer

A)  nitric oxide 
B)  aspartate 
C)  anandamide 
D)  THC 
E)  indolamine

Question 4

Some of the morphine-like substances that occur naturally in the brain are

Accepted Answer

A)  endorphins. 
B)  autoreceptors. 
C)  exogenous. 
D)  benzodiazepines. 
E)  false transmitters.

Question 5

After release,most neurotransmitters are deactivated by

Accepted Answer

A)  reuptake. 
B)  synaptic enzymes. 
C)  the postsynaptic receptors. 
D)  deactivating enzymes. 
E)  ribosomes.

Question 6

Which of the following is synthesized directly from tyrosine?

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine 
B)  epinephrine 
C)  L-dopa 
D)  serotonin 
E)  GABA

Question 7

The one enzyme whose function is to deactivate a specific neurotransmitter once it has been released into the synapse is

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  L-dopa. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  acetylcholinesterase. 
E)  a G protein.

Question 8

Contributing to the unequal distribution of ions on either side of a resting neural membrane

Accepted Answer

A)  is random ion movement. 
B)  are electrostatic gradients. 
C)  are sodium-potassium pumps. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C

Question 9

Illustrated here is

Accepted Answer

A)  an axon hillock. 
B)  a synapse. 
C)  a gap junction. 
D)  a dendritic spine. 
E)  none of the above

Question 10

Nondirected synapses

Accepted Answer

A)  involve the release of neurotransmitter molecules diffusely into the extracellular fluid. 
B)  include string-of-beads synapses. 
C)  involve the movement of neurotransmitter molecules across gap junctions. 
D)  both A and B 
E)  both B and C

Question 11

Cocaine and amphetamines are

Accepted Answer

A)  antischizophrenic drugs. 
B)  used to treat Parkinson's disease. 
C)  dopamine agonists. 
D)  serotonin antagonists. 
E)  dopamine antagonists.

Question 12

The tips of intracellular recording electrodes are

Accepted Answer

A)  about the size of a neuron. 
B)  too small to be seen with the naked eye. 
C)  less than one thousandth of a millimeter in diameter. 
D)  both B and C 
E)  none of the above

Question 13

Acetylcholine is created by the addition of an acetyl group to

Accepted Answer

A)  a monoamine. 
B)  a soluble gas. 
C)  tryptophan. 
D)  an indolamine. 
E)  a choline molecule.

Question 14

Parkinson's disease is treated with

Accepted Answer

A)  dopamine. 
B)  serotonin. 
C)  acetylcholine. 
D)  norepinephrine. 
E)  L-dopa.

Question 15

During an action potential,the change in membrane potential associated with the influx of sodium ions triggers the

Accepted Answer

A)  opening of sodium channels. 
B)  closing of chloride channels. 
C)  opening of chloride channels. 
D)  closing of potassium channels. 
E)  opening of potassium channels.

Question 16

Use the accompanying figure to summarize how signals are conducted through and transmitted from a conventional multipolar neuron.To complement your summary,indicate on the illustration where various events occur.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Use the accompanying figure to summarize how...

Question 17

Na⁺ ions are continuously forced into neurons by

Accepted Answer

A)  their high internal concentration. 
B)  their high external concentration. 
C)  the negative resting potential. 
D)  both B and C 
E)  none of the above

Question 18

Which of the following are membrane potentials?

Accepted Answer

A)  EPSPs 
B)  IPSPs 
C)  APs 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and B

Question 19

Describe and explain how four ionic events contribute to the typical action potential-to help organize your answer label the four arrows in this illustration with the associated ionic event.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Describe and explain how four ionic events...

Question 20

Which of the following is NOT a monoamine?

Accepted Answer

A)  acetylcholine 
B)  dopamine 
C)  epinephrine 
D)  serotonin 
E)  norepinephrine

Exam 4: Neural Conduction and Synaptic Transmission

Peptide neurotransmitters (i.e.,neuropeptides) are synthesized in the cell body and