Question 1

One major difference between the amnesia associated with advanced Korsakoff's syndrome and that associated with bilateral medial temporal lobe damage is that patients with advanced Korsakoff's syndrome have

Accepted Answer

A)  a retrograde amnesia that can extend back into childhood. 
B)  a mild retrograde amnesia for recent events. 
C)  deficits in consolidation. 
D)  anterograde amnesia. 
E)  difficulty forming new explicit long-term memories.

Question 2

Research has consistently shown that memory consolidation consistently takes about

Accepted Answer

A)  1 minute. 
B)  10 minutes. 
C)  1 hour. 
D)  2 years. 
E)  none of the above

Question 3

Why do we have two memory systems-explicit and implicit-that are both capable of learning the same material? What advantage is there in having a second,conscious system? Recent evidence suggests that the answer is

Accepted Answer

A)  ischemia resistance. 
B)  evolution. 
C)  greater flexibility. 
D)  direct motor control. 
E)  the advantage of bilateral systems.

Question 4

It is difficult to differentiate between anterograde and retrograde amnesia in Korsakoff patients because

Accepted Answer

A)  the damage associated with Korsakoff's syndrome is diffuse. 
B)  the damage associated with Korsakoff's syndrome is not diffuse. 
C)  Korsakoff's syndrome has a gradual onset. 
D)  the anterograde deficits are so much milder than the retrograde deficits. 
E)  the retrograde deficits are so much milder than the anterograde deficits.

Question 5

The tests commonly used to assess implicit memory in neuropsychological patients are

Accepted Answer

A)  object recognition tests. 
B)  repetition priming tests. 
C)  digit span tests. 
D)  episodic tests. 
E)  delayed nonmatching-to-sample tests.

Question 6

Illustrated here is the time course of events occurring before and after

Accepted Answer

A)  concussion. 
B)  contusion. 
C)  consolidation. 
D)  islands of memory. 
E)  none of the above

Question 7

Approximately what proportion of healthy people experience infantile amnesia?

Accepted Answer

A)  0% 
B)  5% 
C)  8% 
D)  21% 
E)  100%

Question 8

R.B.had obvious damage to the __________ subfield of the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus.

Accepted Answer

The answer of R.B.had obvious damage to the __________ subfield...

Question 9

R.B.'s amnesia was similar to

Accepted Answer

A)  H.M.'s amnesia, but less severe. 
B)  H.M.'s amnesia, but more severe. 
C)  Korsakoff's amnesia. 
D)  Alzheimer's amnesia. 
E)  other causes of cerebral ischemia.

Question 10

Grid cells,head direction cells,and border cells are located in the

Accepted Answer

A)  entorhinal cortex. 
B)  amygdala. 
C)  frontal cortex. 
D)  place field. 
E)  Morris water maze.

Question 11

Hippocampal cells that become active only when the subject is in particular locations are called

Accepted Answer

A)  location cells. 
B)  place cells. 
C)  complex cells. 
D)  simple cells. 
E)  spot cells.

Question 12

Food-caching species of birds tend to have __________ hippocampi than non-food-caching species.

Accepted Answer

A)  fewer 
B)  smaller 
C)  more complex 
D)  larger 
E)  more

Question 13

In addition to the memory deficits commonly observed in medial temporal lobe amnesics,predementia Alzheimer's patients commonly experience deficits in

Accepted Answer

A)  short-term memory. 
B)  implicit memory for verbal and perceptual material. 
C)  implicit memory for sensorimotor learning. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and B

Question 14

The human medial temporal lobe includes the hippocampus,the __________,and the medial temporal cortex.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The human medial temporal lobe includes the...

Question 15

Hippocampal neurons have been implicated in

Accepted Answer

A)  object-recognition memory. 
B)  memory for spatial locations. 
C)  coding the temporal aspects of an experience. 
D)  all of the above 
E)  none of the above

Question 16

Long-term potentiation

Accepted Answer

A)  is usually induced by the intense stimulation of motor neurons. 
B)  cannot be induced by electrical stimulation. 
C)  has been most commonly studied in several different neural circuits in the hippocampus. 
D)  has not been studied in mammals. 
E)  is not associated with changes in synaptic transmission.

Question 17

With respect to the study of amnesia,R.B.is to the pyramidal cell layer of the hippocampus as

Accepted Answer

A)  N.A. is to the medial dorsal nucleus of the hippocampus. 
B)  N.A. is to the medial diencephalon. 
C)  R.M. is to the medial diencephalon. 
D)  aspirations are to infarcts. 
E)  H.M. is to the medial diencephalon.

Question 18

Which of the following medial diencephalic structures are commonly damaged in Korsakoff patients?

Accepted Answer

A)  thalamus 
B)  mediodorsal nuclei 
C)  mammillary bodies 
D)  all of the above 
E)  both A and C

Question 19

The long-term progressive increase in the resistance of memories to disruption by electroconvulsive shock was demonstrated in a classic study by Squire,Slater,and Chace (1975)in which the memory for __________ was assessed.

Accepted Answer

A)  digits 
B)  faces 
C)  shocks 
D)  television shows that played for only one year 
E)  names

Question 20

The __________ glutamate receptor appears to play a critical role in LTP at some synapses in the brain.

Accepted Answer

The answer of The __________ glutamate receptor appears to play...

Exam 11: Learning, Memory, and Amnesia