Question 1

Ms.Dockery believes that from the beginning,children should be exposed to text in its complete form-stories,poems,letters,posters,and lists.She feels that as long as reading is kept whole and meaningful,children will be motivated to discover the specific skills they need.Ms.Dockery supports the __________ approach to teaching beginning reading.

Accepted Answer

A)  phonics 
B)  look and say 
C)  basal 
D)  whole-language

Question 2

Which statement about children's map-making abilities is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cultural frameworks influence children's map making. 
B)  Preschool children do not yet include landmarks on maps they draw. 
C)  By age 6, most children can accurately place stickers on a map to indicate landmarks. 
D)  By age 7, most children can give clear, well-organized instructions for getting from one place to another.

Question 3

Which statement is true about African-American English?

Accepted Answer

A)  It is a deficient form of standard American English. 
B)  It is a simple dialect with few governing rules. 
C)  Many children learn to flexibly shift between African-American English and standard English by third grade. 
D)  Children who continue to speak mostly African-American English generally progress quickly in reading.

Question 4

Which statement about the impact of culture and schooling on concrete operational thought is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Children with no formal schooling master Piagetian tasks only as adults. 
B)  When children of the same age are tested, those who have been in school longer score lower on transitive inference problems. 
C)  Brain development combined with experience lead children everywhere to reach the concrete operational stage at about the same time. 
D)  Evidence indicates that specific cultural and school practices have much to do with mastery of Piagetian tasks.

Question 5

To test for __________,Piaget asked children to arrange sticks of different lengths from shortest to longest.

Accepted Answer

A)  classification 
B)  decentration 
C)  reversibility 
D)  seriation

Question 6

Dramatic generational IQ gains are greatest on tests of __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  verbal comprehension 
B)  quantitative reasoning 
C)  fluid reasoning 
D)  spatial reasoning

Question 7

__________ are exposed to more than 4 million words per year.

Accepted Answer

A)  Children who converse with more expert speakers 
B)  Avid readers 
C)  Average readers 
D)  Children who rarely read

Question 8

Middle-ear infections become __________ frequent in middle childhood because the Eustachian tube becomes __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  less; longer, narrower, and more slanted 
B)  less; shorter and wider 
C)  more; wider and less slanted 
D)  more; shorter and less slanted

Question 9

Children in middle childhood are in Piaget's __________ stage,which extends from about 7 to 11 years.

Accepted Answer

A)  sensorimotor 
B)  preoperational 
C)  concrete operational 
D)  formal operational

Question 10

With regard to teaching mathematics,most experts agree that __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  a blend of both drill in computing and "number sense" is most beneficial 
B)  complex skills can be learned only by drill in computation and rote memorization 
C)  reasoning about number concepts should replace drill in computation in elementary school 
D)  children need to retrieve mathematical answers automatically and should be exclusively taught by rote

Question 11

U.S.legislation mandates that schools place children who require special supports for learning in __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  "separate, but equal" learning environments 
B)  the "least restrictive" environments that meet their educational needs 
C)  fully inclusive "regular" educational settings, alongside typical students 
D)  "resource rooms" with teachers trained in special education

Question 12

The information-processing perspective __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  examines separate aspects of thinking 
B)  fails to consider biological influences on cognitive development 
C)  applies only to children in cultures having formal schooling 
D)  focuses on overall cognitive change

Question 13

Eight-year-old Miles has confidence in his own ability.When he faces a spelling test,he believes that he can practice spelling the words and he will do well on the test.Miles has developed __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  learned helplessness 
B)  academic self-efficacy 
C)  inflated self-esteem 
D)  interpersonal intelligence

Question 14

Which intellectual factor of the Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales,Fifth Edition,is the most likely to contain culturally biased problems?

Accepted Answer

A)  visual-spatial processing 
B)  quantitative reasoning 
C)  working memory 
D)  basic information processing

Question 15

Magnet schools are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  voluntarily desegregated 
B)  largely segregated by race and SES 
C)  usually located in suburban areas 
D)  not working for minority students

Question 16

In social-constructivist classrooms,__________.

Accepted Answer

A)  students' learning is jointly constructed with teachers and peers 
B)  the teacher is the sole authority for knowledge and decision making 
C)  peer collaboration is often replaced by teacher-directed instruction 
D)  students coordinate their own thoughts rather than absorbing those of others

Question 17

The Stanford-Binet and the Wechsler intelligence tests __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  are used mainly for instruction planning 
B)  require very little training of teachers who give them 
C)  are often used to identify highly intelligent children and to diagnose children with learning problems 
D)  do not take into account the child's behavior during the administration of the test

Question 18

Some investigators have concluded that the forms of logic required by Piagetian tasks do not emerge spontaneously but,rather,are __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  heavily influenced by training, context, and cultural conditions 
B)  primarily developed through interaction with more expert peers 
C)  part of a slow but steady stagewise transition to logical thought 
D)  influenced by biological age and mastered all at once

Question 19

Robbie Case proposed that change within each Piagetian stage and movement between stages are largely due to __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  an abrupt stagewise transition that is influenced by biological age 
B)  gains in the efficiency with which children use their limited working memories 
C)  the influence of older peers or adults who model more complex cognitive schemes 
D)  a spontaneous shift from concrete operational thinking to formal operational thought

Question 20

School-age children master concrete operational tasks __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  all at once 
B)  gradually, in a continuum of acquisition 
C)  much later than Piaget believed 
D)  after they master abstract thinking

Exam 9: Physical and Cognitive Development in Middle Childhood