Question 1

Which statement about coregulation is accurate?

Accepted Answer

A)  Parents using coregulation closely monitor their children's activities and decisions, and punish all missteps. 
B)  With coregulation, children take full responsibility for making the rules, and parents monitor from a distance. 
C)  A permissive parenting style leads to coregulation, in which parents let go and the children monitor themselves. 
D)  Coregulation supports and protects children while preparing them for adolescence, when they will make many important decisions.

Question 2

Which self-description is 10-year-old Destiny the most likely to use?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I like horses and I'm always good." 
B)  "I'm smart in certain subjects like math and science." 
C)  "I never say mean things." 
D)  "I run fast and always win races."

Question 3

Children who believe that people's personality traits are __________ rather than __________ often judge others as either "good" or "bad."

Accepted Answer

A)  fixed; changeable 
B)  malleable; constant 
C)  nurtured; genetic 
D)  singular; mixed

Question 4

Which statement about the impact of the September 11,2001,terrorist attacks is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Those who learned about the attacks indirectly from the media suffered no real distress. 
B)  Distress reactions declined more slowly for children with preexisting adjustment problems. 
C)  The "trauma curriculum" given to those who directly witnessed the attacks was a failure. 
D)  Repeatedly witnessing the attacks on TV desensitized children, decreasing their distress.

Question 5

In dual-earner families,__________ is crucial.

Accepted Answer

A)  the father's willingness to share responsibilities 
B)  working a nonstandard schedule 
C)  engaging in fewer joint parent‒child activities 
D)  using a more permissive parenting style

Question 6

Ten-year-old Lakisha is likely to experience __________,even when no adult is present.

Accepted Answer

A)  guilt for any mishap 
B)  intense shame over a transgression 
C)  helplessness upon failure 
D)  pride in a new accomplishment

Question 7

During childhood and adolescence,perceived __________ correlates more strongly with overall self-worth than does any other self-esteem factor.

Accepted Answer

A)  athletic competence 
B)  academic competence 
C)  physical appearance 
D)  social competence

Question 8

Elementary school teachers tend to stereotype boys who display "masculine" behavior as __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  lazy and troublesome 
B)  diligent and compliant 
C)  smart and competent 
D)  hardworking and compliant

Question 9

Poorly regulated children often experience __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  hostile, dismissive parental reactions to distress 
B)  sensitive, helpful parental reactions to distress 
C)  a strong sense of emotional self-efficacy 
D)  a favorable self-image and an optimistic outlook

Question 10

Mr.and Mrs.Rodriguez want to foster a positive,secure self-image in their son.Which approach would you suggest?

Accepted Answer

A)  When he appears hesitant, make decisions for him to model good decision-making strategies. 
B)  Continuously compliment his performance, even when it is less than satisfactory. 
C)  Encourage him to strive for worthwhile goals because his eventual achievement will foster self-esteem. 
D)  Set high expectations and make it clear he is expected to work as hard as necessary to meet them.

Question 11

Alyssa feels comfortable being a girl,which consequently makes her happy.Which self-evaluation reflects Alyssa's gender identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  gender contentedness 
B)  gender typicality 
C)  felt pressure to conform to gender roles 
D)  gender dysphoria

Question 12

Francisco,a fifth grader,shows industriousness when he __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  designs a robot and enters a competition with it 
B)  says he is popular with most of his peers 
C)  attributes his poor math skills to bad luck that day 
D)  disagrees with his parents about cutting his hair

Question 13

Divorce mediation __________.

Accepted Answer

A)  increases involvement of both parents in child rearing 
B)  increases family conflict over child rearing 
C)  decreases children's feelings of well-being 
D)  decreases parents' feelings of well-being

Question 14

Which statement on self-esteem is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Boys score higher in language arts self-esteem than girls. 
B)  Boys exceed girls in self-esteem dimensions of social acceptance. 
C)  Chinese and Japanese children score lower in self-esteem than U.S. children. 
D)  Compared with African-American children, European-American children have slightly higher self-esteem.

Question 15

According to Erikson,the danger in middle childhood is __________,reflected in the pessimism of children who lack confidence in their ability to do things well.

Accepted Answer

A)  shame 
B)  mistrust 
C)  inferiority 
D)  despair

Question 16

Erikson's sense of __________ combines several developments of middle childhood: a positive but realistic self-concept,pride in accomplishment,moral responsibility,and cooperative participation with agemates.

Accepted Answer

A)  trust 
B)  autonomy 
C)  identity 
D)  industry

Question 17

Which child is probably considerably more independent and trustworthy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Sayuri, who copies her morality from her older brother 
B)  Dane, who is positively reinforced for good behavior 
C)  Yessenia, who has internalized rules for good conduct 
D)  Joe, who believes that truth telling is always good

Question 18

__________ work schedules are associated with good child adjustment.

Accepted Answer

A)  Weekend 
B)  Full-time 
C)  Flexible 
D)  Night-time

Question 19

Self-esteem __________ during elementary school.

Accepted Answer

A)  becomes less realistic 
B)  is usually low 
C)  becomes less nuanced 
D)  remains high

Question 20

Which statement about gender-atypical children in middle childhood is true?

Accepted Answer

A)  Although gender-atypical children sometimes feel rejected, they seldom experience serious adjustment difficulties. 
B)  School-age children who experience rejection because of their gender-atypical traits suffer profoundly. 
C)  Experts agree that the best way to help gender-atypical children is to make them more gender typical. 
D)  Gender-typical and gender-atypical children show similar gains in self-esteem in third through seventh grade.

Exam 10: Emotional and Social Development in Middle Childhood