Question 1

Quail-chick transplantation chimeras are useful for conducting what type of study?

Accepted Answer

A)   Fate mapping
B)   Gene overexpression
C)   Gene knock outs
D)   Forward genetic screens
E)   Reverse genetic screens A

Question 2

A 4-year-old girl develops T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Which developmental signaling pathway is involved?

Accepted Answer

A)   SHH
B)   FGF
C)   WNT
D)   TGFBETA
E)   NOTCH-DELTA E

Question 3

A child with craniosynostosis is diagnosed with Apert syndrome.The resident on call looks up Apert syndrome on the web and learns that it is caused by a specific growth factor receptor mutation.Which developmental signaling pathway uses this receptor?

Accepted Answer

A)   SHH
B)   FGF
C)   WNT
D)   TGFBETA
E)   NOTCH-DELTA B

Question 4

A researcher generates a mutation in a Drosophila embryo that results in the transformation of the leg into an antenna.Which type of gene was likely mutated?

Accepted Answer

A)   Pair-rule
B)   Gap
C)   Homeotic selector
D)   Segment polarity
E)   Maternal effect genes

Question 5

A baby is born with both eye and bone defects.Genetic evaluation identified a mutation in LRP5.Which developmental signaling pathway is involved?

Accepted Answer

A)   SHH
B)   FGF
C)   WNT
D)   TGFBETA
E)   NOTCH-DELTA

Question 6

Which vertebrate animal model is most useful for conducting forward genetic screens?

Accepted Answer

A)   Chicken
B)   Xenopus
C)   Mouse
D)   Zebrafish
E)   Lamprey

Question 7

Mutations in which gene or its regulatory region when mutated in human embryos can cause either holoprosencephaly and preaxial polydactyly?

Accepted Answer

A)   FGF10
B)   HOXD13
C)   WNT11
D)   INTEGRINBETA4
E)   SHH

Question 8

A baby is born with tracheoesophageal fistula.Genetic evaluation identified a mutation in GLI3.Which developmental signaling pathway is involved?

Accepted Answer

A)   SHH
B)   FGF
C)   WNT
D)   TGFBETA
E)   NOTCH-DELTA

Question 9

A girl is born with the following facial features: microcephaly,short palpebral fissures,epicanthal folds,flat midface,and micrognathia.What might be the cause of this constellation of abnormal features?

Accepted Answer

A)   In utero exposure to alcohol
B)   In utero exposure to Accutane
C)   In utero exposure to chicken pox
D)   Oligohydramnios
E)   Polyhydramnios

Question 10

A researcher wants to knock down gene expression in mouse embryos at 12 days of development.Which approach could be used to accomplish this?

Accepted Answer

A)   Injection of morpholinos into the two-cell embryo
B)   Injection of RNAi into the two-cell embryo
C)   Breeding of two transgenic mice, one with the gene of interest flanked by LoxP sites and another with an inducible promoter driving cre recombinase, and treat pregnant females at the desired time with an appropriate reagent such as Tamoxifen
D)   Breeding of two transgenic mice, one with the gene of interest flanked by LoxP sites and another with the appropriate tissue-specific promoter driving cre recombinase
E)   Generating a transgenic mouse using mutated DNA homologous to the desired target site in the gene of interest

Exam 6: Principles and Mechanisms of Morphogenesis and Dysmorphogenesis

Quail-chick transplantation chimeras are useful for conducting what type of study?

A 4-year-old girl develops T-cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia.Which developmental signaling pathway is involved?

A child with craniosynostosis is diagnosed with Apert syndrome.The resident on call looks up Apert syndrome on the web and learns that it is caused by a specific growth factor receptor mutation.Which developmental signaling pathway uses this receptor?

A researcher generates a mutation in a Drosophila embryo that results in the transformation of the leg into an antenna.Which type of gene was likely mutated?

A baby is born with both eye and bone defects.Genetic evaluation identified a mutation in LRP5.Which developmental signaling pathway is involved?

Which vertebrate animal model is most useful for conducting forward genetic screens?

Mutations in which gene or its regulatory region when mutated in human embryos can cause either holoprosencephaly and preaxial polydactyly?

A baby is born with tracheoesophageal fistula.Genetic evaluation identified a mutation in GLI3.Which developmental signaling pathway is involved?

A girl is born with the following facial features: microcephaly,short palpebral fissures,epicanthal folds,flat midface,and micrognathia.What might be the cause of this constellation of abnormal features?

A researcher wants to knock down gene expression in mouse embryos at 12 days of development.Which approach could be used to accomplish this?