Question 1

Define the following terms
-dependent variable

Accepted Answer

The effect variable that is last and results from the causal variable(s)in a causal explanation.Also the variable that is measured in the pretest and post-test and that is the result of a treatment in experimental research.

Question 2

When does a qualitative researcher focus a study into a specific research question?

Accepted Answer

A)   Before selecting a general topic
B)   After selecting a topic, but before gathering any data
C)   After selecting a topic and deciding how to collect data
D)   After selecting a topic, gathering some data, and conducting preliminary analysis of the data
E)   There are no research questions in qualitative research. D

Question 3

Use the following model for the questions that follow:
X → Y → Z
-The intervening variable is

Accepted Answer

A)   X.
B)   Y.
C)   Z.
D)   all of the above.
E)   none of the above. B

Question 4

Variables and attributes are two different things,but they are often confused by new members of the research community.Explain the difference between a variable and an attribute.Why is it easy to confuse variable with attributes? Use an example to illustrate your answers.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Variables and attributes are two different things,but...

Question 5

A good causal hypothesis

Accepted Answer

A)   cannot be shown to be false with evidence.
B)   only contains one variable.
C)   can be proven to be true once and for all.
D)   must apply to all humans in all human history in all societies.
E)   is logically linked to a research question and a theory.

Question 6

Professor Pugsworth examined the following types of marital status: married/common-law,single-never married,widowed,separated/divorced.The types of marital status are called the professor's

Accepted Answer

A)   variables.
B)   variable categories or attributes.
C)   units of analysis.
D)   theoretical elements.
E)   sampling units.

Question 7

Define the following terms
-null hypothesis

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-null hypothesis...

Question 8

Define the following terms
-interpretation

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-interpretation...

Question 9

Melissa was interested in consumer preferences of female undergraduate students.Melissa found participants for her study,conducted and transcribed interviews,and began to analyze interviewees' responses.After a first pass,Melissa realized class played a bigger role in shaping her interviewees' consumer preferences than she anticipated when designing her interview schedule and so decided to conduct a second round of interviews with additional questions before formulating her findings.Which path did Melissa's research take?

Accepted Answer

A)   Linear
B)   Regular
C)   Nonlinear
D)   Irregular
E)   Repetitive

Question 10

Provide an example of a good versus a bad research question on abortion in Canada.Explain why each is an example of a good versus a bad question.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Provide an example of a good versus...

Question 11

Political Scientist Tom Travers tested whether the "military effort of modern industrial nations" is caused by the "electoral success by the right-wing parties" or the "popularity of nationalist beliefs" in a society.In this study,the dependent variable is

Accepted Answer

A)   nationalist beliefs.
B)   military effort.
C)   gross national product.
D)   International Labour Organization.
E)   votes during national and local elections for right-wing parties.

Question 12

When quantitative researchers want to test a hypothesis about a relationship between two variables they often develop a null hypothesis and a corresponding alternative hypothesis.What does the null hypothesis say about the relationship being studied?

Accepted Answer

A)   There is no relationship between the two variables.
B)   The dependent variable has an effect on the independent variable.
C)   There is no intervening variable affecting the relationship between the independent and dependent variables.
D)   The relationship between the independent and dependent variables is spurious.
E)   The independent variable has an effect on the dependent variable.

Question 13

In what ways do the ecological fallacy and reductionism involve problems with the units of analysis?

Accepted Answer

The answer of In what ways do the ecological fallacy...

Question 14

Define the following terms
-grounded theory

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-grounded theory...

Question 15

Which of the following is part of study design by someone using a quantitative research style?

Accepted Answer

A)   Variables and hypotheses
B)   Grounded theory
C)   Use of different orders of interpretation
D)   Nonlinear research path
E)   Emphasis on cases and contexts

Question 16

Researchers rarely explicitly define their levels and units of analysis.Nevertheless,it is important to distinguish between the two.Define "levels" of analysis,list the levels of analysis,and provide examples of what they might encompass.Likewise,define units of analysis and provide some examples of common units of analysis in sociological research.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Researchers rarely explicitly define their levels and...

Question 17

Define the following terms
-variable

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-variable...

Question 18

Define the following terms
-spuriousness

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-spuriousness...

Question 19

Define the following terms
-attributes

Accepted Answer

The answer of Define the following terms
-attributes...

Question 20

What is the independent variable(s)in the following hypothesis? "Persons who experience economic deprivation during childhood socialization will place a higher priority on economic self-interest later in life than will people who did not experience economic deprivation during childhood."

Accepted Answer

A)   Economic deprivation
B)   Priority of economic self-interest
C)   Persons
D)   Later life
E)   A and B only are correct.

Exam 5: Designing a Study

Define the following terms -dependent variable

When does a qualitative researcher focus a study into a specific research question?

Use the following model for the questions that follow: X → Y → Z -The intervening variable is

Variables and attributes are two different things,but they are often confused by new members of the research community.Explain the difference between a variable and an attribute.Why is it easy to confuse variable with attributes? Use an example to illustrate your answers.

A good causal hypothesis

Professor Pugsworth examined the following types of marital status: married/common-law,single-never married,widowed,separated/divorced.The types of marital status are called the professor's

Define the following terms -null hypothesis

Define the following terms -interpretation

Provide an example of a good versus a bad research question on abortion in Canada.Explain why each is an example of a good versus a bad question.

Political Scientist Tom Travers tested whether the "military effort of modern industrial nations" is caused by the "electoral success by the right-wing parties" or the "popularity of nationalist beliefs" in a society.In this study,the dependent variable is

When quantitative researchers want to test a hypothesis about a relationship between two variables they often develop a null hypothesis and a corresponding alternative hypothesis.What does the null hypothesis say about the relationship being studied?

In what ways do the ecological fallacy and reductionism involve problems with the units of analysis?

Define the following terms -grounded theory

Which of the following is part of study design by someone using a quantitative research style?

Define the following terms -variable

Define the following terms -spuriousness

Define the following terms -attributes

What is the independent variable(s) in the following hypothesis? "Persons who experience economic deprivation during childhood socialization will place a higher priority on economic self-interest later in life than will people who did not experience economic deprivation during childhood."