Question 1

Acquiring information and transforming it into long-term memory is

Accepted Answer

A)  state-dependent learning. 
B)  encoding. 
C)  memory consolidation. 
D)  transfer-appropriate processing.

Question 2

Free recall of the stimulus list "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" will most likely yield which of these response patterns?

Accepted Answer

A)  "apple, desk, shoe, coat, lamp, pants" 
B)  "apple, desk, shoe, sofa, plum, chair, cherry, coat, lamp, pants" 
C)  "apple, cherry, plum, shoe, coat, pants, lamp, chair" 
D)  "apple, chair, cherry, coat, desk, lamp, plum, shoe, sofa"

Question 3

Retrograde amnesia is usually less severe for ______ memories.

Accepted Answer

A)  remote 
B)  recent 
C)  anterograde 
D)  emotional

Question 4

Elementary school students in the United States are often taught to use the very familiar word "HOMES" as a cue for remembering the names of the Great Lakes (each letter in "HOMES" provides a first-letter cue for one of the lakes: Huron, Ontario, Michigan, Erie, Superior). This memory procedure usually works better than repeating the names over and over. The use of this familiar word provides an example of

Accepted Answer

A)  a self-reference effect. 
B)  repetition priming. 
C)  implicit memory. 
D)  elaborative rehearsal.

Question 5

The maintenance rehearsal task of learning a word by repeating it over and over again is most likely to

Accepted Answer

A)  lead to immediate decay due to retroactive interference. 
B)  produce some short-term remembering, but fail to produce longer-term memories. 
C)  cause sensory memories to interfere with consolidation in working memory. 
D)  lead to effective autobiographical memories.

Question 6

Research shows that ___________ does not improve reading comprehension because it does not encourage elaborative processing of the material.

Accepted Answer

A)  organization 
B)  highlighting 
C)  making up questions about the material 
D)  feedback

Question 7

Examples from your book describing real experiences of how memories, even ones from a long time ago, can be stimulated by locations, songs, and smells highlight the importance of ___________ in long-term memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  long-term potentiation 
B)  retrieval cues 
C)  elaborative rehearsal 
D)  mass practice

Question 8

Katie and Alana are roommates taking the same psychology class. They have a test in four days during a 10:00-11:00 AM class period. Both women intend to study for three hours, but because of different work schedules, Katie will study one hour for each of the next three days, while Alana will study three hours the day before the exam. What could you predict about their performances?

Accepted Answer

A)  Katie and Alana should perform equally well, because each studied the same time overall (supporting the equal-time hypothesis). 
B)  Alana will perform better because of a long-term memory recency effect. 
C)  Katie should perform better because of the spacing effect. 
D)  State-dependent learning predicts that Katie should perform better, because the exam takes place during a one-hour class period.

Question 9

Memory performance is enhanced if the type of task at encoding matches the type of task at retrieval. This is called

Accepted Answer

A)  transfer-appropriate processing. 
B)  episodic-based processing. 
C)  elaborative rehearsal. 
D)  personal semantic memory.

Question 10

___________ transforms new memories from a fragile state, in which they can be disrupted, to a more permanent state, in which they are resistant to disruption.

Accepted Answer

A)  Amnesia 
B)  Encoding specificity 
C)  Cued-recall 
D)  Consolidation

Question 11

According to the levels of processing theory, memory durability depends on the depth at which information is

Accepted Answer

A)  encoded. 
B)  stored. 
C)  retrieved. 
D)  consolidated.

Question 12

According to your text, imagery enhances memory because

Accepted Answer

A)  research shows people like pictures better than words, so there is an enhanced emotional response. 
B)  the brain processes images more easily than the meanings of words. 
C)  imagery can be used to create connections between items to be remembered. 
D)  pictures fit better with our basic instincts because children learn pictures before reading words.

Question 13

Jeannie loves to dance, having taken ballet for many years. She is now learning salsa dancing. Although the movements are very different from the dances she is familiar with, she has found a successful memory strategy of linking the new dance information to her previous experiences as a dancer and to her own affection for dance. This strategy suggests reliance on

Accepted Answer

A)  the self-reference effect. 
B)  a mass practice effect. 
C)  the integrative experience effect. 
D)  semantic memory.

Question 14

Mantyla's "banana/yellow, bunches, edible" experiment demonstrates that for best memory performance, retrieval cues should be created

Accepted Answer

A)  by agreement among many people, thus providing proof they are effective. 
B)  by a memory expert who understands what makes cues effective. 
C)  using visual images. 
D)  by the person whose memory will be tested.

Question 15

Most teachers commonly give their students short quizzes on material learned, before later giving a larger test on a full chapter or unit. From a cognitive psychology perspective, explain why this strategy is beneficial to student learning and test performance. Cite research to support your thinking.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Most teachers commonly give their students short...

Question 16

___________ cues help us remember information that has been stored in memory.

Accepted Answer

A)  Retrograde 
B)  Encoding 
C)  Retrieval 
D)  Processing

Question 17

Which of the following provides the key benefit to the generate-and-test study strategy?

Accepted Answer

A)  Classification 
B)  Elaboration 
C)  Rehearsal 
D)  Engagement

Exam 7: Long-Term Memory: Encoding, Retrieval, and Consolidation