Question 1

While Ginger has always thought of herself as the best dancer in the world, she has just begun to notice that some of the other kids in her class are better than her. This realization indicates that Ginger has begun to engage in

Accepted Answer

A)  behavioral inhibition. 
B)  social comparison. 
C)  disengagement. 
D)  joint attention.

Question 2

The period of experimenting with different roles that is so common during adolescence is referred to as the _____ period.

Accepted Answer

A)  foreclosure 
B)  joint attention 
C)  moratorium 
D)  temperament

Question 3

One-year-old Markus loves interacting with his peers. A developmental theorist would most likely describe Markus as being high on the _____ dimension of temperament.

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up 
B)  effortful control 
C)  negative affectivity 
D)  surgency

Question 4

Which statement would indicate that an individual has a high level of surgency?

Accepted Answer

A)  "Paying attention to boring people is hard." 
B)  "I am always excited, in a good way, to meet people." 
C)  "Meeting people makes me nervous." 
D)  "I hate people."

Question 5

What cognitive skill acquisition is best associated with adolescents who are able to effectively resolve identity issues?

Accepted Answer

A)  Object permanence 
B)  Memory rehearsal 
C)  Postconventional thinking 
D)  Formal operational thought

Question 6

The average newborn appears to have

Accepted Answer

A)  no sense of self. 
B)  self-awareness but not self-recognition. 
C)  self-recognition but not self-awareness. 
D)  both self-awareness and self-recognition.

Question 7

Research on individuals from collectivist cultures challenge the Western assumption that

Accepted Answer

A)  a person cannot develop normally without placing the needs of society before their own. 
B)  women are superior to men. 
C)  a person cannot develop normally without individuating one's self from others. 
D)  older adults are superior to youth.

Question 8

The fact that parents who are taught to interpret and respond more effectively to their child's cues can produce calmer infants who cry less best illustrates the concept of

Accepted Answer

A)  slow-to-warm-up temperament. 
B)  goodness-of-fit. 
C)  individualistic culture. 
D)  big-fish-little-pond effect.

Question 9

Self-esteem rating tends to be highest in people in their

Accepted Answer

A)  teens. 
B)  30s. 
C)  60s. 
D)  90s.

Question 10

Discuss the issues of real and ideal self in adulthood. How does the gap between these two concepts tend to change between young and older adulthood?

Accepted Answer

The answer of Discuss the issues of real and ideal...

Question 11

Behavioral inhibition is the tendency to be shy and restrained.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 12

Levinson is best associated with his belief in a(n) _____ crisis.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Levinson is best associated with his belief...

Question 13

After months of consideration, college sophomore Burrhus has just come to the conclusion that a career in psychology is the right thing for him. As a result, he has just switched to a psychology major and has signed up for several psychology courses for the next semester. Concerning his career plans, Burrhus appears to be in the _____ status stage.

Accepted Answer

A)  foreclosure 
B)  moratorium 
C)  identity achievement 
D)  diffusion

Question 14

Which of Tela's statements best exemplifies a narrative identity?

Accepted Answer

A)  "I like who I am." 
B)  "Whenever I go to a party, I have to remember not to drink too much." 
C)  "I am introverted." 
D)  "Given my past failures in school, graduating from college will make my life meaningful."

Question 15

Successful aging in later life requires engagement in society.

Accepted Answer

A) True 
 B)False

Question 16

Which statement best summarizes the research on the "midlife crisis"?

Accepted Answer

A)  Most males experience a significant midlife crisis, but few females have such an experience. 
B)  Most females experience a significant midlife crisis, but few males have such an experience. 
C)  Most middle-aged people experience a significant midlife crisis. 
D)  Most middle-aged people experience some questioning of self during midlife, but few experience a true midlife crisis.

Question 17

Erikson characterized adolescence as involving a crisis of _____ versus role confusion.

Accepted Answer

The answer of Erikson characterized adolescence as involving a crisis...

Question 18

Ideal self is best defined as what a person

Accepted Answer

A)  is like. 
B)  is not. 
C)  senses they should be like. 
D)  sees in others.

Question 19

Your identity consists of

Accepted Answer

A)  your characteristic adaptations and self-esteem, but not your self-concept. 
B)  your self-concept and self-esteem, but not your characteristic adaptations. 
C)  your characteristic adaptations and self-concept, but not your self-esteem. 
D)  your characteristic adaptations, self-esteem, and self-concept.

Question 20

Goodness-of-fit is best defined as

Accepted Answer

A)  the extent to which the child's temperament is compatible with the social world to which the child must adapt. 
B)  a child's ability to distinguish himself from his environment. 
C)  the amount of impact genetic factors has on the development of personality. 
D)  the extent to which a child develops an attachment to a caregiver.

Exam 11: Self and Personality