Question 1

Which of the following statements describes how nursing in the community is more challenging than nursing in an acute care setting?

Accepted Answer

A)  There is limited access to information useful to the nurse in giving care in the community. 
B)  More paperwork and forms are required when giving care in the home. 
C)  It is more challenging to control the environment in the community. 
D)  Specialization isn't possible in the community setting.

Question 2

A nurse advises a client with osteoporosis to have three servings of milk or dairy products daily.Which of the following levels of prevention is being used by the nurse?

Accepted Answer

A)  Primary prevention 
B)  Secondary prevention 
C)  Tertiary prevention 
D)  Treatment, but not prevention

Question 3

Statistics clearly demonstrate that there are significantly more cases of a disease in one particular neighborhood than in all the rest of the city.Assuming all else is the same,which of the following is the most likely explanation for a single neighborhood having such a different pattern of illness?

Accepted Answer

A)  A cultural or ethnic concentration in the neighborhood 
B)  The geographic location of the neighborhood within the city 
C)  A statistical fluke without meaning 
D)  The time of year the different statistics were collected throughout the city

Question 4

Several small communities have applied for grant funding from the state department of health to help decrease their teenage pregnancy rate.Which of the following communities should the nurse suggest receive funding first?

Accepted Answer

A)  Community A-with 23 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 500 
B)  Community B-with 45 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1000 
C)  Community C-with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 2000 
D)  Community D-with 90 single teenage pregnancies in a city of 1500

Question 5

Which of the following explains why contagious infections are becoming a central focus of public health?

Accepted Answer

A)  Americans are fearful of terrorists using biological agents. 
B)  Awareness of human susceptibility to animal diseases has been publicized. 
C)  Drug-resistant strains of old diseases have evolved. 
D)  Media coverage exaggerates the dangers of exposure to crowds.

Question 6

Between 2010 and 2015,1000 of 10,000 young women age 17 to 20 years at a university tested positive for a sexually transmitted infection (STI).Of the 1000 diagnosed STIs,300 were gonorrhea and 500 were chlamydia.Which of the following statements best summarizes these findings?

Accepted Answer

A)  The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to all STIs was 300:1300. 
B)  The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to chlamydia was 300:500. 
C)  The proportion of cases of gonorrhea to all STIs was 50%. 
D)  The proportion of STIs to the total population was 100:1000.

Question 7

Persons in an auditorium may have been exposed to a disease.If they are infected,it is crucial that they receive immediate treatment and not take the disease home to their families.Which of the following characteristics would be most important to consider when selecting the screening test to be used?

Accepted Answer

A)  The negative predictive value 
B)  The positive predictive value 
C)  The sensitivity of the test 
D)  The specificity of the test

Question 8

Which of the following actions by Florence Nightingale demonstrates her role as an epidemiologist?

Accepted Answer

A)  She convinced other women to join her in giving nursing care to all the soldiers. 
B)  She demonstrated that a safer environment resulted in decreased mortality rate. 
C)  She obtained safe water and better food supplies and fought the lice and rats. 
D)  She met with each soldier each evening to say goodnight, thereby giving psychological support.

Question 9

In a particular community,several high school students were diagnosed with diabetes mellitus Type 2 during the annual high school health fair.Over the next few years,the nursing staff developed and implemented educational programs about the risk factors for diabetes mellitus Type 2 and proper nutrition.Which of the following would be most useful for the nurses to use to determine if they are having any impact?

Accepted Answer

A)  The epidemic of diabetes in the high school is gradually ending. 
B)  The incidence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. 
C)  The prevalence of diabetes is slowly decreasing during screening events. 
D)  The risk for diabetes is slowly increasing over time.

Question 10

A public health nurse found that out of the 70 people who ate the potato salad at a school picnic,63 developed symptoms of food poisoning.Which of the following best describes the attack rate?

Accepted Answer

A)  63% 
B)  70% 
C)  90% 
D)  100%

Question 11

A principal comments to the school nurse that it seems there are a lot more problems with asthma among the students than there were before the school was remodeled a couple of years ago.The nurse investigates the principal's observation by reviewing all the school records to determine visits to the health office because of asthma by week and month for the past 5 years.Which of the following best describes the type of study the nurse is conducting?

Accepted Answer

A)  Descriptive epidemiological study 
B)  Ecological study 
C)  Prospective cohort study 
D)  Retrospective cohort study

Question 12

The administration at a local medical center examines the trends in health problems when developing long-range plans for staffing and space allocation.Which of the following sources of information would be most helpful?

Accepted Answer

A)  Local data drawn from a professional survey in the city 
B)  The National Health Interview Survey 
C)  The National Hospital Discharge Survey 
D)  The state's vital statistics

Question 13

A school nurse wants to decrease the incidence of obesity in elementary school children.Which of the following describes a secondary prevention intervention that the nurse could implement?

Accepted Answer

A)  Giving a presentation on the importance of exercise and physical fitness 
B)  Designing a game in which students select healthy food choices 
C)  Weighing students to identify those who are overweight 
D)  Putting students on a diet if they weigh greater than 20% of their ideal weight

Question 14

Which of the following types of study should the nurse researcher choose if the goal is to identify the long-term benefits and risks of a particular nursing intervention for senior citizens living in the community?

Accepted Answer

A)  Cross-sectional study 
B)  Ecological study 
C)  Clinical trial 
D)  Retrospective analysis

Exam 9: Epidemiological Applications