Question 1

Numerous studies have now examined the effect of jury size.This research indicates that,compared to a 12-person jury,a 6-person jury is likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) be less representative of the community 
B) recall less of the evidence presented at trial 
C) spend less time deliberating 
D) reach a unanimous decision 
E) all of the above

Question 2

The Morgentaler and Latimer cases discussed in your text are illustrations of:

Accepted Answer

A) challenge for cause 
B) jury nullification 
C) jury impartiality 
D) case-specific approaches 
E) the black sheep effect

Question 3

According to research by Gunnell and Ceci (2010)on juror decision-making and the Cognitive Experiential Self Theory (CEST),jurors who rely more on their personal experiences,interpretations,and emotional reactions when making decisions are engaging in:

Accepted Answer

A) Dogmatic processing 
B) Rational processing 
C) Elaborative processing 
D) Narrative processing 
E) Experiential processing

Question 4

As it currently stands in Canada,the practice of jurors asking questions and taking notes is:

Accepted Answer

A) left to the discretion of the juror 
B) left to the discretion of the judge 
C) left to the discretion of the Crown 
D) compulsory 
E) not permitted

Question 5

Juan is a young adult man of Hispanic heritage,accused of murdering his Caucasian girlfriend Suzanne.Carmela is a Hispanic woman who is serving as a member of the jury.According to the black sheep effect,Carmela would be likely to:

Accepted Answer

A) Be more lenient towards Juan if the victim is portrayed as a 'black sheep'. 
B) Be more punitive towards Juan if the evidence against him is weak. 
C) Be more lenient towards Juan if the evidence against him is strong. 
D) Be more punitive towards Juan if the evidence against him is strong. 
E) Be more lenient towards Juan because they are the same race,independent of whether the evidence against him is strong or weak

Question 6

Which legislation outlines the criteria for jury eligibility in each of the provinces and territories in Canada?

Accepted Answer

A) Criminal Code of Canada 
B) Juries Act 
C) Corrections and Conditional Release Act 
D) Jury Selection Code 
E) Summons Act

Question 7

According to the Supreme Court of Canada,the two fundamental characteristics of jurors are:

Accepted Answer

A) representativeness and commitment 
B) commitment and truthfulness 
C) impartiality and truthfulness 
D) commitment and impartiality 
E) representativeness and impartiality

Question 8

Imagine that you are a consultant for defence council in a case involving an Aboriginal male accused of murdering a white female and a primarily Caucasian jury.Based on the research on racial bias in court,what advice would you give the defence council?

Accepted Answer

A) Advise the lawyer to "play the race card" (i.e.,mention racial issues to jury)as this helps to reduce juror bias towards other-race defendants 
B) Advise the lawyer to focus on presenting his case with strong evidence and leave race out of it completely. 
C) Advise the lawyer to make his client look "as Caucasian as possible" to minimize juror bias based on stereotypes. 
D) Advise the lawyer to discredit the victim as much as possible by labeling her as a 'black sheep' to elicit sympathy towards the defendant. 
E) Both a and c.

Question 9

When probing jurors during a challenge for cause,what are lawyers not allowed to ask prospective jurors about?

Accepted Answer

A) backgrounds 
B) personalities 
C) attitudes 
D) a and b 
E) none of the above

Question 10

Which of the following is the most empirically supported model of jury decision making?

Accepted Answer

A) relative contribution model 
B) just-world attribution model 
C) explanation model 
D) justification model 
E) mathematical model

Question 11

Which research methodology is limited with the types of questions that can be asked given its method of data collection?

Accepted Answer

A) field studies 
B) simulation studies 
C) archives 
D) post-trial interviews 
E) experimental studies

Question 12

In their study examining rape myths,sexual attitudes,and gender in relation to a date rape scenario,Hammond,Berry,and Rodriguez (2011)found that:

Accepted Answer

A) both males and females endorsed rape myths and were more lenient towards the accused. 
B) female jurors were more likely to endorse rape myths but were more punitive towards the accuser. 
C) female jurors were less likely to endorse rape myths but more likely to be lenient towards the accused and accuser. 
D) male jurors were less likely to endorse rape myths and were more punitive towards the accused. 
E) male jurors were more likely to endorse rape myths and were more lenient towards the accused.

Question 13

A jury is in the process of deliberations.The six jurors who initially felt that the accused was innocent begin to feel even more strongly that the accused is innocent,while the six jurors who initially felt that the accused was guilty begin to feel even more strongly that the accused is guilty.This process is called:

Accepted Answer

A) normative influence 
B) compliance 
C) polarization 
D) unconscious transference leniency 
E) leniency bias

Question 14

In Canada,summary offences:

Accepted Answer

A) are tried by judge alone 
B) are tried by judge and jury 
C) are either tried by judge alone or by judge and jury as specified by the wishes of the defendant 
D) are either tried by judge alone or by judge and jury depending on the severity of the offence 
E) are either tried by judge alone or by judge and jury depending on the decision of the Crown prosecution

Question 15

Which of the following is true regarding jurors who are willing to give the death penalty?

Accepted Answer

A) They recall more evidence presented at trial. 
B) They are less likely to understand judicial instructions. 
C) They are less likely to render a not guilty verdict than jurors who are not willing to give the death penalty. 
D) They are more likely to render a guilty verdict than jurors who are not willing to give the death penalty. 
E) none of the above

Question 16

Mrs.White is suing Mr.Black for psychological damages she incurred while working for Mr.Black.During this time,Mrs.White was injured while working on an assembly line when a machine clamped down on her arm.Although she is healed,she claims to suffer PTSD as a result and argues that Mr.Black knew the machine was malfunctioning and should pay the consequences of his negligent action.Which of the following statements about this case is correct?

Accepted Answer

A) This case is not eligible to be tried by a jury. 
B) This criminal case would be tried by judge alone. 
C) This criminal case would be tried by judge and jury. 
D) This civil case would be tried by a 6-8 member jury. 
E) This civil case would be tried by a jury and require a unanimous verdict.

Question 17

Chaos theory in relation to jury nullification refers to:

Accepted Answer

A) jurors being guided by emotions and personal biases rather than the law 
B) jurors upholding the law despite the public outcry that their verdict will likely cause 
C) jurors disregarding the law based on extralegal factors such as the appearance of the defendant 
D) jurors being dismissed from juries in controversial cases when biased decision-making is evident 
E) jurors following the law so as not to incite chaos in the courtroom

Question 18

Which research method is most commonly used to study jury decision making?

Accepted Answer

A) simulation studies 
B) post-trial interviews 
C) archival studies 
D) examination of media reports 
E) none of the above

Question 19

In a challenge for cause,jurors are selected by:

Accepted Answer

A) the judge 
B) the Crown 
C) the defence 
D) members of the jury pool 
E) the accused

Question 20

Note taking by jurors has been proposed as one possible way of improving juror comprehension.However,a number of researchers have pointed out potential problems with this comprehension aid.Which of the following has been proposed as a potential problem with juror note taking?

Accepted Answer

A) Jurors who have taken notes may exert an undue influence over those who haven't. 
B) Note taking may distort perceptions of the case. 
C) Note taking may be disruptive to other jurors. 
D) Note taking may impede memory. 
E) Note taking favours the defence.

Exam 7: A: Juries: Fact Finders