Question 1

The model of a professional athlete's career shows that when athletes move from the amateur level to the professional level in a sport like cycling,they

Accepted Answer

A) focus exclusively on maintaining their overall health and well-being. 
B) learn that overconformity to the norms of the sport ethic is deviant. 
C) train so intensely that it causes physiological damage to their bodies. 
D) avoid using technologies that their competitors don't use.

Question 2

The author says that the best way to begin to control substance use in sports is to

Accepted Answer

A) allow sport scientists to take control of elite sport programs. 
B) encourage athletes to be more loyal to their sports and their fellow athletes. 
C) critically examine and eliminate the hypocrisy involved in elite sports. 
D) require all sport teams to hire medical support staff.

Question 3

When using a constructionist approach,deviance is defined as ideas,traits,and actions that

Accepted Answer

A) harm other people or property. 
B) disrupt the status quo in society. 
C) fall outside of socially determined normative boundaries. 
D) violates unchanging moral truths that exist in all societies.

Question 4

Research suggests that on-the-field deviance such as cheating and "dirty play" are

Accepted Answer

A) definitely more common today than in the past. 
B) probably less common today than in the past. 
C) only found in heavy contact sports. 
D) nonexistent among today's athletes.

Question 5

To make changes that would decrease deviant overconformity,sport would have to be organized around a commitment to

Accepted Answer

A) the Olympic motto,"higher,stronger,faster." 
B) the moral standards preferred by most sports fans. 
C) the rules developed by coaches. 
D) the health and well-being of athletes.

Question 6

Information on institutional corruption in sports is scarce partly because gathering that information

Accepted Answer

A) is tedious and dangerous. 
B) does not interest sociologists or investigative journalists. 
C) is not important to the future of sports. 
D) requires research skills that neither sociologists nor journalists possess.

Question 7

Research on deviance in sports is limited in that it focuses primarily on

Accepted Answer

A) people with power in spot organizations. 
B) deviant overconformity among athletes and coaches. 
C) the underconformity of athletes. 
D) the institutional corruption of professional sports.

Question 8

There often is confusion when discussing hazing a form of sport-related deviance because hazing is

Accepted Answer

A) basically the same as bullying. 
B) a public process that is perceived as offensive by nonathletes. 
C) a problem for professional teams but not for high school or college teams. 
D) not distinguished from related but different processes.

Question 9

It has become difficult to determine what actions are deviant and what actions are accepted parts of athletic training today because

Accepted Answer

A) athletic training occurs in settings where athletes are difficult to observe. 
B) athletes tend to be less moral than other people. 
C) people in sport organizations don't care about ethical issues. 
D) all training involves surpassing limits that are accepted as normal in society.

Question 10

Sport programs that are designed as "interventions" for "at risk youth" are seldom successful because they

Accepted Answer

A) are managed by people who have no knowledge of crime and delinquency. 
B) do nothing to change the conditions in which these youth live their lives. 
C) attract the young people with the most serious criminal records. 
D) force young people to reject the communities where they live.

Question 11

Which of the following is NOT true about norms?

Accepted Answer

A) They differ from one situation to the next. 
B) They exist only in formal social situations. 
C) They include both written laws and unwritten customs. 
D) They are used to identify deviance.

Question 12

Understanding deviance in sports requires an understanding of "the sport ethic." Which of the following beliefs is NOT one of the core norms of the sport ethic?

Accepted Answer

A) An athlete strives for distinction. 
B) An athlete accepts no obstacles in the pursuit of success. 
C) An athlete accepts pain but avoids risks. 
D) An athlete is dedicated to "the game."

Question 13

Media coverage usually concludes that deviance in sports is the result of

Accepted Answer

A) weak character and greed. 
B) the social organization of sports. 
C) the influence of drugs. 
D) cultural definitions of masculinity.

Question 14

People using an absolutist approach tend to

Accepted Answer

A) see deviance as located in the person who engages in it. 
B) resist "get tough" strategies for controlling deviance. 
C) argue that we need fewer rules in sports. 
D) see normative boundaries as changeable.

Question 15

A constructionist approach to deviance is based on the assumption that

Accepted Answer

A) most ideas,traits,and actions fall into a normally accepted range. 
B) the more an action departs from an ideal,the more deviant it is. 
C) all deviance involves overconformity to norms. 
D) all deviance involves underconformity to norms.

Question 16

Research on normative overconformity suggests that if we wish to understand this form of deviance we must

Accepted Answer

A) study child athletes rather than adult athletes. 
B) avoid studying athletes in sports where injury rates are relatively high. 
C) critically examine the organization and dynamics of elite sport cultures. 
D) try to identify personality defects in athletes who overconform to norms.

Question 17

The author's recommendations for controlling substance use in sports call for a policy that involves

Accepted Answer

A) teaching athletes to accept the norms of the sport ethic without question. 
B) more effective surveillance and detection procedures. 
C) preventing athletes from competing unless they are certified as healthy. 
D) using sport science to improve performance in sports.

Question 18

According to a constructionist approach,both norms and deviance are

Accepted Answer

A) unchangeable. 
B) determined only by judges and courts. 
C) based on religious ideals. 
D) socially constructed through interaction.

Question 19

The author suggests that athletes engage in overconformity in sports because of their desire to

Accepted Answer

A) win games,meets,and matches. 
B) make money and become famous. 
C) play and be accepted as an athlete by other athletes. 
D) avoid media coverage and excessive attention from fans.

Question 20

Data presented in the chapter indicate that felony rates among NFL players are

Accepted Answer

A) twice as high as they are for comparable men in the society as a whole. 
B) lower than rates in the general population in the case of property crimes. 
C) highest among players who make the minimum salary in the NFL. 
D) so low that they should not be considered as a problem.

Exam 5: Deviance in Sports: Is It Out of Control